| Antibiotics are widely used to prevent or treat bacterial and fungal infections in humans and animals.Through production and use,improper handling,human and animal excretion,etc.,it enters the environment in large quantities,and it is widely present in surface water,groundwater,agricultural soil,food and drinking water.In this paper,by studying the types and concentration distribution characteristics of antibiotics in wastewater from different farms and sewage treatment plants in Chongqing,and estimating the antibiotic discharge and emission intensity of farming wastewater and domestic wastewater in Chongqing,and provide basic data and theoretical support for ecological environment protection and antibiotic pollution prevention in the Chongqing section of the Yangtze River Basin.In this study,an analytical method for liquid tandem tandem mass spectrometer(LC-MS/MS)was established for the simultaneous determination of 43 fluoroquinolones,sulfonamides,tetracyclines,macrolides,antifungals,and other antibiotics in water.1?In this study,antibiotics in the aqueous phase were extracted by HLB column solid phase extraction,simultaneously optimize the conditions of solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS parameter conditions,and use LC-MS/MS for analysis.In this study,the recovery of 43 compounds spiked at 10 ng/L was in the range of 44.7%-151%,method detection limit is 0.7-12.2 ng/L and the limit of quantification is 2.8-48.8 ng/L.2?Using the above methods,a preliminary study was conducted in June 2018(summer)and October 2018(autumn)on the characteristics and concentration distribution characteristics of 43 antibiotics selected from farms and sewage treatment plants in Chongqing.It was found that the highest detected species of breeding wastewater are fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides,the average detection rate for imports is 48.2%,and the average detection rate for exports is 46.4%.The antibiotic concentration in the two pig farms was 7850 ~ 39200 ng / L,which was at a relatively high concentration level.The concentration of cattle farm and goat farm is 1050 ~ 5520 ng / L,and their sewage treatment has a stable degradation effect.The concentration of CQ-10 in the two seasons of import and export in poultry farming is 5190 ~ 36000 ng / L,which is at a higher concentration level,and high concentration of human antibiotic Fleroxacin(FL)was found in chicken farms.The three aquaculture farms have the lowest wastewater concentration.According to the calculation,the annual discharge of antibiotics in aquaculture wastewater in Chongqing is about 174.8kg.3?The most detected types of sewage treatment plants are fluoroquinolones and antifungal agents.The average detection rate for imports is 47.5%,and the average detection rate for exports is 32.2%.The concentration range of imported antibiotics in summer is 412 ~ 8000 ng / L,and the export is 224 ~ 1560 ng / L;In autumn,the concentration of imported antibiotics ranges from 494 to 6350 ng / L,and the export ranges from 73.0 to 737 ng / L.In general,the sewage treatment plant has a certain reduction effect on the detected antibiotics.Both the average water content in the two seasons are relatively high,with both Marbofloxacin(MAR)and Climbazole(bay-e),indicating that people use these two drugs more frequently.The concentration of the first four antibiotics in summer is higher than the concentration of the first four antibiotics in autumn,and summer is the season of more drug use.According to the calculation,the annual discharge of antibiotics for domestic wastewater discharged from sewage treatment plants in Chongqing is about 541.6kg.4?Ofloxacin,norfloxacin,sulfadiazine and other antibiotics that have been banned and restricted by the Ministry of Agriculture are still detected in the farm.Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are the most important and most influential antibiotics in Chongqing and need to be focused on.Attention should be paid to antibiotics that are banned but still detected in the farm.5?Judging from the emission concentration level,The concentration of antibiotics in the wastewater treatment plant of Chongqing Municipality is about 316 ng / L,which is lower than Guangzhou(1455 ng / L),Shenzhen(2476 ng / L),Lanzhou(9310 ng / L),and higher than Shanghai(253 ng)/ L),Anhui(103 ng / L),Xiamen(197 ng / L),in the middle level in major cities;the concentration of antibiotics discharged from agricultural sources is relatively high,about 1760 ng / L,which is 6-8 times that of sewage treatment plants.Overall,the discharge of antibiotics from domestic wastewater and agricultural breeding wastewater is about 716.4kg / a is acceptable. |
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