| Hydrogen sulfide?H2S?is an irritant and asphyxiating colorless gas.After H2S is absorbed,it mainly affects the cell oxidation process,resulting in tissue hypoxia.In low concentration,only the local irritation of respiratory tract and eyes was observed,while in high concentration,the systemic effect was more obvious,which manifested as central nervous system symptoms and asphyxia symptoms.The extremely high concentration of H2S can quickly cause olfactory fatigue without its smell.H2S was once considered as a highly toxic substance.According to the latest medical research,endogenous H2S is considered as the third gas transfer substance.Endogenous H2S is involved in many physiological activities,such as neuroregulation,ptosis,inflammatory regulation,vasodilation and angiogenesis.On the other hand,studies have shown that abnormal levels of H2S are closely related to some common diseases,including Down's syndrome,arterial disease,diabetes and pulmonary hypertension.It is necessary to measure the concentration of hydrogen sulfide accurately in environmental analysis and disease diagnosis.In view of this,it is very important and significant to develop analytical methods that can effectively detect the fluctuation of H2S content,especially in specific organelles.Now the reported analytical methods for H2S include mercurimetry,detection tube method,methylene blue colorimetry and so on.Among these many detection methods,fluorescent probe method has become the focus of researchers because of its good selectivity,convenient operation and other advantages.Due to the existence of other components in the body such as alanine,methionine,tryptophan,bisulfite,bicarbonate,sulfite,hydrogen peroxide,hypochlorite and so on.They pose a potential interference to the detection of H2S.In addition to selectivity issues,currently reported fluorescent probes still have some problems,including insufficient response speed,insufficient sensitivity,and complex synthesis.Therefore,it is urgent for researchers in this field to develop a fast,highly selective,sensitive and simple H2S fluorescent probe.By summarizing and thinking about the research status in this field,this paper reports three new cases of H2S fluorescent probes.Based on different fluorophores,specific targeting groups are introduced to achieve the purpose of detecting H2S in specific organelles in cells in addition to detecting H2S in solvents.In the first example,a quinoline compound was used as the fluorescent probe body,and an azide group specifically detecting H2S was introduced to synthesize the probe Gol-H2S.Gol-H2S has a simple synthesis process,can sensitively detect H2S in solution,has good selectivity,strong anti-interference ability,low cytotoxicity,and can detect H2S in HeLa cells and zebrafish.It is worth noting that the probe Gol-H2S has confirmed that the Golgi can produce hydrogen sulfide in the stress response and track the weak change of its concentration.It was verified by adding inhibitors and monensin induction experiments.The design of Gol-H2S probe provides a powerful analytical tool for elucidating various biological functions of hydrogen sulfide in organism,and it is also expected to provide help for early diagnosis and drug treatment of Golgi and hydrogen sulfide related diseases.In the second example,1,8-naphthimide was selected as a fluorophore,and a targeting group was introduced to synthesize a new type of probe Gol-NH.By analyzing and testing the fluorescence spectrum,Gol-NH Can specifically detect H2S in solution.Through imaging experiments,Gol-NH can detect H2S in Golgi.In addition,the induction experiments of several Golgi stimulants confirmed that hydrogen sulfide can be used as a biomarker to study Golgi stress.The development of probe Gol-NH provides a new chemical tool for the study of Golgi stress and related diseases.In the third example,a probe PCM was designed by combining 1,8-naphthalimide and hydrophobic alkyl long chain.The probe has a large Stokes displacement and can detect the H2S in the solvent quickly.PCM has a strong potential of biological application,which can target cell membrane,image and distinguish endogenous and exogenous H2S.In addition,the probe PCM can detect hydrogen sulfide in zebrafish.Probe PCM may become a new chemical tool,which can provide potential help for the research of H2S related diseases.To sum up,we synthesized three kinds of H2S fluorescent probes with different functions,all of which showed excellent selectivity and anti-interference ability for the detection of H2S.They have great potential in environmental analysis and can be used as new detection tools.In addition,through the cytotoxic experiments,cell imaging and zebrafish imaging experiments,three probes with low cytotoxicity can image and analyze the H2S in cells,which has a strong potential for biological application.The work of this paper will provide a certain reference value for the construction of new H2S fluorescent probes in the future. |
PDF Full Text Request