Environmental Cost Assessment Of Livestock And Poultry Breeding Enterprises In Xiangjiang River Basin

At present,livestock breeding industry is in an important period from traditional farmers to modern scale breeding.With the rapid development of livestock and poultry industry,the emission of livestock and poultry excrement and the environmental cost are increasing.Based on the externality theory,environmental bearing capacity theory,sustainable development theory and cost management theory,using the data of livestock and poultry breeding in Xiangjiang basin,using the method of pollutant production coefficient and the method of agricultural environmental cost assessment,this paper establishes livestock and poultry from two aspects of the physical quantity and value of the pollutants in livestock and poultry farming enterprises.The evaluation model of environmental cost of aquaculture enterprises to assess the environmental impact of livestock and poultry enterprises in Xiangjiang basin has very important theoretical reference and practical guiding significance.The main conclusions are as follows:1.livestock and poultry manure emissions in livestock and poultry breeding enterprises in Xiangjiang basin are increasing year by year,and they are developing towards large-scale farms,breeding dominant areas and intensive farming areas.From the fecal discharge of different livestock and poultry,the total amount of excrement and urine of livestock and poultry in Xiangjiang Valley in 2016 was 11.521 million tons,3.4181 million tons,0.2459million tons,3.0803 million tons respectively.The emissions of COD,BOD₅ and NH₃-N in livestock and poultry manure were 0.5066 million tons,0.4639 million tons and 0.0449million tons respectively.From the fecal discharge of livestock and poultry in different regions,the discharge of livestock and poultry is mainly concentrated in Hengyang County,Hengnan County,Xiangtan County,Miluo city and Lengshuitan District.The annual nitrogen load of livestock and poultry excrement in different regions is quite different,and the regional distribution is uneven.2.Livestock and poultry manure can be generally absorbed by farmland in livestock and poultry breeding enterprises in Xiangjiang River Basin,but livestock and poultry feces are polluted in some areas.In 2016,livestock and poultry farming in Xiangjiang basin produced were 18.265 million tons of livestock and poultry.The average nitrogen load of farmland in livestock and poultry manure in Xiangjiang basin is 77.86kg/hm²,which is not a threat to environment.But Changsha,Yuhua District and Xiangtan city Yuetang District of livestock and poultry manure has been in the 2 regions has caused serious soil pollution.3.In 2016,the annual environmental cost of livestock and poultry enterprises in Xiangjiang River Basin was 3749.7449 million yuan.Among them,the environmental costs of soil pollution,water pollution,heavy metal pollution of crops,air pollution,influence of human health,the growth of livestock and poultry,animal products and veterinary drugs are9.5615 million yuan,1096.3325 million yuan,136.194 million yuan,262.5547 million yuan,1667.7997 billion yuan,214.5508 million yuan,362.7517 million yuan,respectively.The basic number of environmental cost control is large.4.Because the breeders are not aware of the environmental pollution of livestock and poultry,the limited rationality of the farming enterprises,the backwardness of livestock and poultry pollution control technology,the influence of the market environment and the imperfect legal system,the environmental cost of the livestock and poultry enterprises in the Xiangjiang basin tends to be higher.It is helpful to control the environmental cost of livestock and poultry enterprises to establish and improve the cost sharing mechanism,improve the cognition level of livestock and fficulture enterprises to the pollution environment of livestock and poultry breeding,improve the rural financial supply mechanism,plan the regional layout and strengthen the environmental supervision.