| Karst is mainly a special topography developed by carbonate rocks and related ecosystems,which is a typical and representative landscape in geography.Distributing from the equatorial tropics to the frigid zone,it becomes one of the protagonists of nature’s spectacular.The distribution of above-ground groundwater structure is a common phenomenon of karst.Sensitivity,vulnerability and complexity are the main characteristics of karst ecosystem.Soil erosion,rock exposure,soil infertility,cultivated land reduction and economic poverty caused by vegetation damage are common problems.The compound contradiction among population-economyresource-environment is sharp.Practice has shown that locating the karst landscape and other mountain resources as an attractive tourism economy is an important way to promote natural restoration,improve economic structure and expand income.South China Karst-Shibing Karst was selected as the study area.Theories such as ecosystem theory,sustainable development theory and coupling coordination theory are used as supporting base.The knowledges of geography,management,ecology,economics,environmental science,sociology and other disciplines are comprehensively used through literature reading,field investigation,questionnaire survey,function model and data induction during 2016-2018.Aiming at the relationship among karst ecological fragility,heritage protection and ecological industry,tourism change,ecological protection,community profile and heritage protection and utilization of Shibing karst were analyzed.The coordination and regulation mechanism of tourism and ecological environment was established.A coupling and coordination model of tourism and ecological environment in karst heritage sites was constructed,which was used to evaluate the coupling and coordination type of Shibing Karst.1.The karst ecological environment is the material support of tourism benefits,natural world heritage and social development,which is closely interdependent and closely related to heritage protection,tourism benefits and community development.The coordination mechanism of tourism and ecological environment in karst heritage sites consists of four parts: driving mechanism,constraint mechanism,cooperation mechanism and mutual feedback mechanism.In driving mechanism,the guidance of government policies,the local economic growth and the stimulation of tourism consumption demand are the main driving forces.To establish a good driving coordination mechanism,it is necessary to emphasize the multiple management attributes of the heritage sites and the characteristics of multiple stakeholders.In constraint mechanism,the study area has multiple management systems and standardized utilization and protection requirements.It is necessary to coordinate the balance between protection and utilization.In cooperation mechanism,the government agencies are the decision-makers and implementers of the macro-policies of the heritage sites,and also the core subjects of the public interest in the coordination mechanism.The tourism benefit of the heritage site is one of the driving forces for the establishment of the mutual benefit mechanism.There are benefit sharing and protection and mutual benefit among tourism benefit,the management institution of the heritage site,the tourism operators and the community residents.2.According to national standards,industry norms and the requirements of natural world heritage protection management,build a coordinated evaluation system model for tourism and ecological environment of karst heritage sites,forming 34 evaluation indicators for 11 element layers and 4 system layers.The four systems are tourism benefits,ecological conditions,heritage protection and social development.According to the four systems above,the coordinated evaluation system of tourism and ecological environment of heritage sites is constructed,mainly based on the sustainable tourism destinations of the heritage sites and the ecosystem theory and the theory of coupling and coordination.With the development of ecosystems,communities and world heritage conservation,the selection of specific indicators in the later coordinated evaluation should also be adjusted accordingly.3.The calculation results of the system comprehensive index are: ecological environment > heritage protectio > tourism benefit >social development n.The system value of ecological environment is the highest,the comprehensive indexes of other systems are close.The system coupling coordination degree is 0.26,which is a moderately uncoordinated state.The ecological environment quality is better than the heritage protection,the heritage protection is better than the tourism benefit,and the tourism benefit is better than the community development.Shibing Karst has a long history of tourism reception,but its ecological impact is within the ecological environment carrying capacity,so the tourism and ecological environment maintain a good coordination.After the successful inscription on World Heritage List in 2014,the reception level has improved overall,but the scope of tourism benefits and the number of audiences are limited,which makes the level of tourism benefit system and social development system not high.The protection and utilization time of the study area is short,causing the low correlation and low coupling and coordination types among tourism benefits,ecological environment,heritage protection and social development.Overall,the origin of these results is that Shibing Karst is in the early stage of tourism.Due to the short application time of Shi Bing karst and the difficulty in collecting data on the field,only the evaluation of the status quo of inter-system coordination of Shi Bian karst is carried out.In the study of other early successful karst heritage sites,we should pay attention to the comparative analysis within specific time periods and strengthen the comparative analysis of coordination differences among different karst heritage sites.4.Put forward the following control measures:(1)Strengthen the construction of ecological and environmental indicators monitoring system for heritage sites,paying particular attention to the relationship between water environment quality changes and tourism and community production and life;(2)Enhance the basic data and information statistics of karst ecological environment,heritage protection,tourism benefits and community development to provide comprehensive data for systematic research on the type coordination evaluation of the heritage site;(3)increase investment in environmental protection construction,improve pollutant collection facilities and treatment facilities in densely populated areas of Baiduo Town and Niudachang Town,and establish disciplinary system for pollutants littering and discarding;(4)Enhance project planning and construction coordination of natural world heritage,scenic spots,geological parks,county tourism planning and tourism management entities. |
PDF Full Text Request