Influence Factors Of The Synthesis Of Polysaccharides And Related-enzymes From Hericium Erinaceus Fruiting Bodies

Hericium erinaceus belongs to the genus Basidiomycetes.It is a saprophytic bacterium that is not only rich in a variety of beneficial bacterial polysaccharides and essential amino acids and trace elements,but also contains a variety of medicinal ingredients and active substances.Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide is the main active ingredient in Hericium erinaceus.It has many functions such as improving immunity,anti-tumor,blood sugar lowering,anti-mutation and anti-aging.It has been widely used in the treatment of dyspepsia,gastric ulcer and esophageal cancer.Diseases of the digestive system such as gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer and related tumors.The enzyme is closely related to the growth and differentiation of Hericium erinaceus.The types,contents and enzyme activities of various enzymes vary with the type of edible fungus,the physiological development stage of the strain and the culture medium.At present,there are many studies on the purification and structure of Hericium erinaceus.The research on the relationship between extracellular enzyme activity and its growth and development is only to study the changes of enzyme activity in different periods of growth and development,but it is the key to the metabolic pathway of polysaccharides.Enzyme studies are rarely reported.A large number of studies on Hericium erinaceus focus on the structure,pharmacology and production technology of polysaccharides,and there are few studies on the factors of anabolism of polysaccharides,and they are not deep enough.The specific research content is divided into the following parts:1、Effect of cultivation substrate on polysaccharide synthesis of Hericium erinaceus fruiting bodiesThe physicochemical properties and in vitro immune activity of polysaccharides from fruit bodies of Hericium erinaceus cultivated on different substrates were studied to select the better cultivation formula of Hericium erinaceus with high yield and good quality.Different fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus were obtained by industrial cultivation with seven different formulations of substrates.The yield of fruit bodies and the content of crude polysaccharides were analyzed and determined.The physicochemical characteristics such as molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides of Hericium erinaceus fruiting bodies obtained from seven different substrate cultures were analyzed,and the differences in NO release from RAW264.7 macrophage cell strains were compared.All indicators showed that the formula 2(30%sawdust,corncob 40%,cottonseed shell 15%,corn flour 2%,wheat bran6%,rice bran 5%,1%gypsum,lime 1%)and formula 7(39%corn cob,10%cottonseed shells,10%wheat bran,rice bran 30%,soybean bran 5%,beet residue 4%,calcium carbonate 2%)can be considered as excellent,efficient and high quality cultivation compared with other formulations of culture substrates.2、Effect of strains on polysaccharide synthesis of Hericium erinaceus fruiting bodiesSix intracellular polysaccharide components were obtained from H.erinaceus fruiting bodies cultivated by ARTP(atmospheric and room temperature plasma)mutagenic strain(321)and the original strain(0605),respectively.This study was designed to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of these polysaccharide components and their potential immunomodulatory activities on RAW264.7 macrophages.The results showed that the yield of fruiting body cultivated by mutated strain increased by 22% and the polysaccharide content improved by 16%compared with the original one owing to ARTP mutagenesis.The molecular weight distribution and the monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharide components from H.erinaceus induced by ARTP mutagenesis were significantly different from that of the original one.The NO,IL-6,IL-10,IL-1β and TNF-α production activities of macrophages were enhanced by stimulation of 20% ethanol precipitated polysaccharides from H.erinaceus induced by ARTP mutagenesis.These results indicate that the strain has a great influence on the physicochemical properties and immunological activity of the polysaccharide of Hericium erinaceus,and VI provides a reference for obtaining high-quality strain resources and developing health care products.3、Activity of extracellular enzymes during the growth and development of the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceusIn this experiment,the activities of extracellular enzymes(laccase,manganese peroxidase,cellulase,hemicellulose and acid protease)in seven different developmental stages of the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus were analyzed.The results of the analysis showed that Hericium erinaceus In the cultivation process,the cephalosporin produced a series of enzymes such as ligninase,cellulase,hemicellulase and protease.The change of the enzyme activity reflects the utilization of the matrix by Hericium erinaceus.During the growth of the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus,a large amount of ligninase was secreted in the early stage to degrade lignin.With the degradation of lignin,cellulose and hemicellulose are gradually released,and the hemicellulose and cellulase activities in the later stage are greatly improved to meet the growth requirements of the genus Hericium erinaceus.The range of acid proteases is large and the fluctuation is more severe,indicating that acid protease is involved in each period of growth and development of Hericium erinaceus,but the protease activity begins to decrease in the late growth and development of Hericium erinaceus.The specific mechanism needs further Research.4、Study on related-enzymes to polysaccharide synthesis and metabolism during the growth and development of the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceusThrough the correlation analysis between the polysaccharide content and the key enzymes involved in the synthesis and metabolism of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides,it was found that the five enzyme activities of UDPGPPlase,G-6-PDH,MDH,PGI and α-PGM increased first and then decreased.The peak is in the third period.However,the trend of PFK and other enzyme activities was slightly different.The peak activity of enzymes appeared in different periods.The correlation coefficient between MDH and polysaccharide content was the highest,0.773,while UDPGPPlase,PGI and α-PGM were related to the low content of polysaccharide,while PFK.It is closely related to the content of polysaccharides.5、Analysis of transcriptome during the growth and development of the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceusOn the basis of the second generation sequencing of Hericium erinaceus strain 0605,the four growth and development stages of Hericium erinaceus fruiting body were detected and analyzed by transcriptional group.Through the screening and analysis of the differential gene group,it was found that the number of genes screened by the differential genes from the division period to the middle spines was the largest.Based on the functional notes of go and kegg of the four different genes in the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus,the most significant carbon metabolic pathways,starch and sucrose metabolism and polysaccharide synthesis related genes were screened.It is worth further research.