| In the Victorian era.industrialization and urbanization in Britain developed rapidly.The British were proud of their motherland.But behind the economic prosperity,there was also a huge crisis,which had produced a series of social problems.Air pollution,which was closely related to people’s lives,was an important aspect.With the continuous development of industrialization and urbanization,coal has been widely used.Various types of factories were established,and a large amount of pollutants were discharged from these factories and household chimneys.London’s air was seriously polluted,which not only has a major impact on human production and life,but also on the growth of other organisms.This paper mainly studies the main sources of air pollution in Victorian London and a series of measures taken to mitigate its impact.The first chapter describes the main sources of air pollution in 19th century British cities from the aspects of nature,industrial activities and family life.Under the impetus of industrial revolution,machine production has gradually replaced human production.Various kinds of factories have been established successively.Both coal combustion and chemical industry emitted a large amount of pollutants.Moreover,industrialization had promoted the process of urbanization,and the urban population increased substantially.Under the circumstances of backward urban infrastructure and incomplete new social mechanisms,a series of social problems arose,such as social health problems.Due to the physical and geographical factors,pollutants accumulated over the city of London,further aggravating air pollutionThe second chapter elaborates the impact of air pollution in London in the 19th century.The increasingly serious air pollution caused great damage to the natural environment and seriously threatened people’s health.And serious air pollution caused a series of social problems,such as traffic safety,social crime and class contradictionsThe third chapter analyses the role played by British Parliament,government and social groups in air pollution control,including parliamentary legislation and appeal of social groups.In the 19th century,facing the increasingly serious problem of air pollution,the state took action.Parliament passed many pieces of legislation to promote the governnent’s tobacco control action.At the same time,with the further industrialization,air pollution has become more and more serious,and some people of insight in society have gradually realized the seriousness of the problem and taken action.They formed a number of social environmental organizations aimed at reducing smoke emissions,which played an important role in air pollution control in the 19th century.The fourth chapter mainly analyses the characteristics of air pollution control in Britain,and puts forward reasonable suggestions for air pollution control in China on the basis of the above viewpoints,which has great practical significance for our country.As the forerunner of the industrial revolution,Britain payed attention to the importance of legislation in dealing with air pollution and realized the cooperation between govermment and NGO to a certain extent,but there were still some unreasonable factors.In the process of rapid economic development,China should learn from history,draw lessons from Britain’s pollution control experience,and actively adjust the economic development structure in line with its national conditions,so as to achieve sustainable economic development.The most important thing is that we need to form a sense of environmental protection of energy conservation and emission reduction in the whole society.Only by mobilizing the public’s power,can the improvement of air quality be possible. |
