Synthesis And Potential Application Of Nanomaterials With The Guidance Of Yeast Cell Secretion

Nanomaterials have shown wide application prospects in many fields,since them arose,because of their unique and excellent quantum effects,size effects and surface effects,which continue to attract the attention of researchers.In the past decades,many classical physics and chemical nanomaterial synthesis routes have been proposed and applied to the preparation of diverse nanomaterials with different compositions,structures and functions,which have achieved great achievements.However,with the development of the society and the concept of green chemistry,the problems faced by the traditional synthesis methods in terms of efficiency,environment,safety and economy are becoming more and more acute,and gradually begins to limit the further development and application of nanotechnology.This prompted chemists and materials scientists to turn to develop greener and more efficient synthetic strategies.In fact,the world is fully filled with massive nanomaterials and nanostructures,which carry a variety of physiological functions of various life forms.These creatures can be viewed as highly efficient and green nano-factories which produce their own nanonaterials by ingesting,recognizing and interacting with the naturally occurring compounds or natural elements from the environment.The spontaneous synthesis of nanomaterials by organisms,compared to artificial synthesis,possesses a high degree of selectivity,conversion and precise control that we have not realized up to now.Moreover,the biosynthesis process is mild,stable,and environmentally friendly,and the materials prepared often have excellent strength,stability,and biocompatibility.It inspires researchers to develop biomimetic synthesis systems through simulations of these unique life processes.However,due to the complexity of the organism,this work is full of challenges.Yeast,as it is easy to culture,simple in structure,and well tolerated,is considered an ideal model for achieving controlled biosynthesis.Based on the research progress of biomimetic synthesis of nanomaterials in yeast cells,this paper aims at the efficient,green and controllable synthesis of nanomaterials with certain size,morphology and composition.We used the extracellular secretions of yeast cells,closer to living organisms,as the regulatory matrix to controllable synthesis of silicon nanoparticles and porous gold nano-assembled spheres with potential applications in bioimaging,photoelectrocatalysis,etc.,which has promoted the research status of these nanomaterials that are difficult to synthesize under mild conditions,successfully.The green controllable synthesis of silicon nanoparticles and gold nanomaterials with the stereostructure by biological matrix is realized.The works of this paper are as follows:(1)The yeast cell secretion is used as the matrix,and reacted with the potassium fluorosilicate as a silicon source by one step to obtain monodisperse fluorescent silicon nanoparticles.Using XRD,XPS,Raman,TEM and FT-IR characterizations,we confirmed that the silicon nanoparticles were obtained through this new synthetic route;and through SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF-MS,the reactive component in the matrix had been analyzed preliminarily.In addition,the fluorescence properties and cytotoxicity of silicon nanoparticles were studied.The results showed that they have favorable fluorescence stability and biocompatibility,and they are superior to traditional commercial organic dye,FITC,in the stability when used as bioprobes for long-term cell imaging.(2)The yeast cells secretion is also used as a control matrix to interact with chloroauric acid to obtain porous gold nanospheres.The composition and morphology of the prepared porous gold nanospheres were characterized by XRD,XPS,FESEM,EDS,TGA and FT-IR.Then,TEM was used to monitor the growth of porous gold nanospheres at different reaction time.The results showed that it was further assembled from the AuNPs of ~10 nm obtained by the reduction of the secretion.The photo-catalytic activity of porous gold nanospheres was tested with methylene blue as the organic pollutant model.The results show that the prepared multi-gold nanospheres have certain catalytic potential.