Protective Effects Of Fresh Camel Milk And Naturally Fermented Camel Milk On Acute Alcoholic Liver Damage In Mice

Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)is a global public health problem,which prevalence is increasing year by year.The traditional treatment for ALD is abstinence and nutritional support because of no side effects.Dietary supplementation has been sugested to limit the development of early ALD in recent studies.In this study,a simple mouse model of acute alcoholic liver damage was used to observe the protective effects of fresh camel milk and natural fermented camel milk,and further to explore the related mechanism.The purpose of this study is to provide experimental evidence for the development of camel milk as a food for liver protection.A mouse model of acute liver damage was established by intragastric administration of a large amount(7.3 g/kg)of alcohol for a short period of time.Serum indicators(ALT,AST,TNF-?,IL-1?,IL-6),liver indicators(MDA,SOD,GSH,GSH-Px,TG,TC),and liver histopathology were measured to reflect the protective effects of fresh camel milk and naturally fermented camel milk on the liver.The possible mechanism of the protective effects of fresh camel milk is discussed using transcriptomics and 16S rDNA Sequencing.Intragastric administration of a large amount of alcohol in a short period of time could lead to acute liver damage,as evidenced by increasing of serum ALT and AST(p<0.05),evevation of liver MDA contents(p<0.01).decreasing of SOD and GSH-Px contents(p<0.05)and aggravation of hepatic lipid accumulation(p<0.01)in comparing with control group.Liver pathological sections showed obvious edema and a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration,and the apoptotic hepatocytes were 4.06 times that of the normal group.Naturally fermented camel milk has a protective effect on acute alcoholic liver damage in mice.Compared with the model group,the activities of serum ALT,serum TNF-?,IL-? contents as well as liver TG were significantly decreased(p<0.05 or p<0.01).While the contents of SOD and GSH-Px was significantly increased(p<0.05).The results of HE staining showed that the inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver tissue was significantly reduced,and the degree of steatosis was reduced.The protective effects of naturally fermented camel milk on the liver may be related to reducing inflammatory response and improving oxidative stress.Fresh camel milk has a protective effect on acute alcoholic liver damage in mice.In Comparing with the model group,the activities of serum ALT and AST,serum proinflammatory cytokines contents were decreased significantly(p<0.05 or p<0.01).Liver oxidative stress was significantly improved,the degree of lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced(p<0.01),while the contents of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly increased(p<0.05).The histological results showed that the hepatocyte edema phenomenon was reduced in the fresh camel milk group,as well as inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced.Microscopically,hepatocyte apoptosis was significantly reduced,the structure of hepatic lobule gradually returned to normal,and the degree of steatosis was reduced.The results of liver transcriptomics showed that the differential genes between fresh camel milk group(ET+CM)and model group(ET)were involved in biological processes such as oxidoreductase activity and heme binding,and signaling pathways such as IL-17 and TNF.Fresh camel milk can down-regulate the expression of lL-1? and CXCL1 genes related to inflammation in the IL-17 signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway in the liver of mice with acute alcoholic liver damage,thereby reducing inflammation response in the liver.The results of 16S rDNA sequencing of intestinal contents showed that fresh camel milk can significantly increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and reduce the relative abundance of Bacteroides,Alistipes and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,thereby regulating the intestinal flora.In summary,fresh camel milk and natural fermented camel milk have protective effects on acute alcoholic liver damage in mice.Fresh camel milk plays a role in protecting liver from reducing liver inflammation and improving intestinal micro-ecological balance.