Study On Environmental Protection Measures For Railway Construction Projects Across Bird Protection Areas

With the rapid development of China's national economy,railway has become an irreplaceable means of transportation for people and goods.China is carrying out large-scale railway construction,and the conflict between railway and ecological environment is becoming more and more serious.In order to ensure the convenience,integrity and economy of engineering construction,railway lines crossing nature reserves are often selected in the stage of railway design and line selection,or the scope or functional division of nature reserves are adjusted in coordination with local governments.The various types and levels of protected areas established in China now protect 90.5% of terrestrial ecosystem types,85% of wild animal and plant species and65% of higher plant communities,and protect more than 300 species of wild animals under special protection and over 130 species of wild plants under special protection.Therefore,the impact of the railway construction project on the nature reserve in the construction and operation stages needs to be systematically analyzed,and effective environmental protection measures should be taken.This paper relies on domestic and foreign bird research results and environmental protection technology,Through the field investigation and environmental factor monitoring of the construction project,the design and site implementation of environmental protection measures during the construction period of the railway construction project,the analysis of environmental quality change of the protection area before and after the construction and the analysis of the change of bird habitat activity before and after the project construction were carried out.Through the methods of analog monitoring analysis,mathematical model establishment,Cadna /A,map GIS,PDix4 computer software simulation,the influence prediction and measure evaluation during the operation period were carried out.And this paper also puts forward some Suggestions on the supplementary measures for the construction projects in example and analyzes and evaluates the influence of the supplementary measures on train operation.Through the research in this paper,it is shown that:1.Different stages of railway construction projects have different impacts on bird habitat environment.The main influencing factors during the construction period are construction land occupation,noise and vibration generated by construction machinery,light pollution generated by night construction lighting,waste water and waste residue generated by pier construction piling and domestic waste water and garbage generated by living camps.The main influencing factors during the operation period are noise,vibration and light pollution caused by train operation.2.During the construction period of project,through the control of the construction process,the management of construction equipment and personnel,the habitat environment of whooper swan has not been seriously affected.Due to the adaptability of birds to environmental changes,some whooper swan has moved away from the bridge construction site,but has not left the area,and the total population in habitat Park has not decreased.3.It is predicted that the impact of comprehensive noise on bird habitat during the operation period of the bridge of the construction project will gradually decrease with distance attenuation in the range of 30~200 meters from the line,and the noise added value at day and night will be above 10 d B.In the area 200~600 meters away from the line,the noise added value at day and night is 6.7~10.6d B and 6.9~10.7d B respectively.The daytime and nighttime acoustic environmental values of the five prediction points in the water area of whooper swan habitat are increased by 2.5~7.8d B and 3.1~8.1d B respectively.Measures such as banning singing and limiting road flow are proposed.It is predicted that the train will affect the light environment in the nighttime habitat area of whooper swan in the wetland reserve during the operation period.After the supplementary shading barrier measures are taken,the illumination area,duration and illumination intensity in the waters of whooper swan habitat in the wetland reserve will be significantly improved.4.According to the above research results,put forward suggestions on environmental protection for other railway construction projects that pass through bird reserves.