Assessment Of The Health Effect Of Air Pollution In Nanjing

Ambient air pollution is one of the most important environmental risks affecting health.A large number of environmental epidemiological studies have confirmed that pollutants in the air have a significant negative effect on human health.The government has also taken a series of measures to improve air pollution.However,whether these measures have indeed improved the health status of the population and to what extent,there is still insufficient research.At present,the quantitative research on the impact of air pollution on people's health at urban scale can not only enhance the understanding of the health risks of air pollution including ordinary people,but also help urban administrators to design effective coping strategies and environmental management control measures.Firstly,this study collected environmental epidemiological data at home and abroad from 2003 to 2018.Using meta-analysis,we obtained acute Concentration response parameters for death effects of particulate matter(PM2.5)and ozone(O3)in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions.The results showed that within a certain concentration range,whether it is PM2.5 or O3,as the concentration increases,the risk of death caused by them will also increase.According to the results of the meta-analysis,for every 10?g/m3 increase in PM2.5,the additional non-accidental mortality rate in the Pearl River Delta region was the highest,reaching 1.347%(95%CI:1.000%-1.695%);followed by the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region which is 0.433%(95%CI:0.317%-0.550%);the lowest in the Yangtze River Delta,is only 0.344%(95%CI:0.195%-0.493%).Combined with the difference in PM2.5 concentration in the three regions,it was confirmed that the effect of PM2.5 daily average mass concentration on the health effects of acute death in the population was not a simple linear relationship,and it had a large regional difference.The concentration response parameter of ozone maximum 8-hour average concentration(O3-8h-max)of national average,the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta were 0.400%(95%CI:0.370%-0.476%),0.500%(95%CI:0.405%-0.560%),0.500%(95%Cl:0.314%-0.587%).The difference between the regions is small,which confirms that O3 has a linear relationship with the acute death risk of the population and its concentration level,and has little difference with the region.According to the results of Meta-analysis,the concentration response parameters of PM2.5 and 03 localized in Nanjing were 0.344%(95%CI:0.195%-0.493%)and 0.500%(95%Cl:0.405%-0.560%)respectively.On this basis,the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program(BenMAP)developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency was used.According to the model calculation requirements,the acquired geographic data(Nanjing vector,rasterized map),demographics Data(resident population,mortality rate),pollutant data(data from 9 national control stations such as Mai gaoqiao from 2013 to 2017 and provincial control stations such as Gaochun chunxi from 2015 to 2017)and economic data(life statistics Value)have been formatted and imported into the corresponding calculation process.Then,the health effects and monetizes could be calculated.Under the premise of using the monitoring data,the anti-distance weighted square interpolation was used to interpolate the pollutant concentration in each area of Nanjing.According to the PM2.5 and O3 pollution characteristics and the meta-analysis results,the logarithmic linear model and the simple linear model were used to calculate the health effects respectively.In calculating the economic effect,the VSL value of Beijing residents 1.68 million yuan was used as the benchmark value.The results show that:1)The mortality effect related to PM2.5 decreased year by year,which was consistent with the decrease of PM2.5 concentration.Among them,the death effect was the most reduced in 2015,and the economic loss was reduced to 128,398(95%CI:73689-181376)Yuan,accounting for 7.90‰ of the total GDP of the year(95%CI:4.54‰-11.16‰).The effect in 2014 was the smallest compared to other years,and the loss of vital statistics value in 2016 and 2017 was around 3‰.It has confirmed that the prevention and control of PM2.5 pollution in Nanjing has achieved fruitful results in recent years,and the risk of PM2.5 is further reduced.2)The negative effect of O3 on the health of the population in Nanjing is not obvious,and there is even a trend of increased pollution in some areas.In the most serious 2016,the economic value of the additional increase in death caused by O3 pollution in Nanjing reached 386,395(95%CI:324,624-447,912)yuan,accounting for 3.68‰(95%CI:3.09‰-4.26‰)of the total GDP of the year.In addition,the area where O3 pollution is aggravated is concentrated in the urban area with high population density and high activity,indicating that the health risks of O3 in Nanjing in recent years are still a serious problem and need to be strengthened.In summary,reducing the level of air pollution can greatly improve the health status of residents,and the health and economic benefits are considerable.To evaluate the health benefits of controlling air pollution,the results can be used to guide the environmental protection management department to carry out the cost-benefit analysis of air quality compliance planning,and provide decision-making basis for achieving professional air quality management.