A Comparative Study Of Crop Residue Burning Ban Management In China And Crop Residue Control Burning Management In The United States

Straw burning will not only cause air pollution,but also affect people’s health,traffic safety,and even trigger large-scale fire,which poses a major threat to people’s lives and property safety.Although the implementation of straw burning ban in China has achieved remarkable results,the phenomenon of straw burning in some areas,such as the three eastern provinces,is still prominent,which has a great impact on air pollution.Severe incineration of straw has happened in the history of China and the United States,and it has been improved now.However,unlike China’s implementation of the straw burning ban,the United States implements the straw burning plan management,under the premise of ensuring air quality,the implementation of authorized management of straw burning.Taking the emission of air pollutants from straw incineration as an example,this paper accurately evaluates the hazards of straw incineration,affirms the necessity of straw incineration treatment,systematically analyses the situation of straw incineration in China and the United States,compares the management of straw incineration in China with that in the United States,and puts forward some suggestions for the management of straw incineration in China.The conclusions are as follows:（1）In the study of air pollutant emissions from straw incineration,the results show that:assuming that the proportion of unused straw incineration is 60%,SO₂ emissions from straw incineration in the three eastern provinces are equivalent to 44,400 new households;NO_X emissions from straw incineration in the three eastern provinces are equivalent to 33.17 million new households or 8.663 million new taxis;CO emissions from straw incineration in the three eastern provinces are equivalent to 74.25 million new households.Ten thousand households or equivalent to 2.24 million new taxis;VOC emissions from straw burning in the three eastern provinces are equivalent to 89.095 million new households;PM2.5 emissions from straw burning in the three eastern provinces are equivalent to 8.8457 million new households or equivalent to 22.307.46 million new taxis.Because of the harm of straw incineration,it is necessary to control straw incineration.（2）In the aspect of comparative study on straw incineration in China and the United States,the research shows that the motivation of straw incineration in China and the United States is to improve agricultural production efficiency.The incineration of straw has improved in both China and the United States.Unlike the United States,where straw burning is mainly concentrated in the southern plains,the western coast and the northern areas,China has shifted from the eastern plains and southern China to the northeast.The key areas of straw burning in China and the United States are highly coincident with crop producing areas,and the burning time is related to the sowing and harvesting time of crops in both countries.Based on the similarities between China and the United States in terms of motivation,burning area and burning time,and the fact that the United States has managed and controlled the straw burning well,some effective experiences and practices in the control of straw burning are worth studying and drawing lessons from in China.（3）Comparing the main management measures of straw burning ban in China with that in the United States,the research shows that both China and the United States regard the effective utilization of straw resources as the ultimate means of straw treatment.The difference is that China relies on the compulsory force of the government to implement a comprehensive ban on burning.The United States adopts a bottom-to-top household application review system,which meets the strict smoke management process and does not have alternative incineration schemes before incineration.Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province of China have explored or are exploring the management system of straw incineration.Similar to the United States,they have formulated restrictions on air conditions and areas for incineration.The difference is that the two provinces of Heiji adopt the way of straw burning organized by the government from top to bottom.Jilin Province and other provinces in China that have not yet imposed a nationwide ban on straw burning can draw lessons from the experience of the United States in the management of straw burning plan,formulate the authorized management measures for straw burning,formulate the grading method of meteorological index for straw burning according to local conditions,and strengthen the management and control work in the process of straw burning.（4）In the aspect of comparison between China’s straw burning ban and American straw burning legislation,the research shows that China fines and detains illegal acts mainly according to the Air Pollution Prevention Law and the Public Security Administration Penalty Law of the People’s Republic of China.Smoke management plans have been incorporated into the legal system in the United States,giving legal powers.Some states have incorporated straw burning plans into their state codes,including fines and penalties for bad points.Compared with the legislative management of straw burning ban in China,the legislation of straw burning plan in the United States is more comprehensive and specific,and the punishment for straw violation is more stringent,and the punishment method is more flexible.It is suggested that China formulate special management measures for straw burning ban,increase the amount of fines appropriately,and introduce the management system of points for straw burning violation.