Study On The Influence Of Bike-sharing On Carbon Emissions In Traffic Field And Its Policy Implications

Carbon emission reduction in the transportation sector has become an important area for carbon emission reduction in China,and sharing transportation is a new way of reducing emissions.Whether it is short-distance travel or as a transportation link for public transportation or subway,bike-sharing plays an important role in low-carbon traffic behavior.With the rise of the bike-sharing market,fierce market competition has led to the closure of some bike-sharing companies,which has caused a lot of waste of resources and is not in line with the initial seriousness.Bike-sharing appear in the form of low-carbon transportation,but their low-carbon effect still lacks rigorous scientific analysis,which is the main concern of this study.Whether it is a bike-sharing that is still operating or a bicycle with a utilization rate close to ZERO,the waste of resources and the doubts about low carbon efficiency are not what any stakeholder would like to see.Scientifically study and analyze the low-carbon benefits of bike-sharing and propose relevant policy recommendations,which will help the continued development of existing brands.Therefore,from the perspective of the whole life cycle,this study quantitatively analyzes the carbon footprint of different modes of travel,and on this basis,examines the low-carbon effect of shared bicycles and its influencing factors,and finally proposes to promote the sharing of bicycles better.Policy implications for low-carbon benefits are expected to provide a reference for relevant stakeholders.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:（1）Bike-sharing is not a zero-carbon trip mode.And the carbon emission per person per kilometer are about 8.30g under our scenarios.By replacing various types of trip modes,carbon emissions per person per kilometer can be reduced by 22.82g on average.In the baseline scenario,the simulation results of the low-carbon benefit model of bike-sharing show that 8.30g CO₂ is needed for each kilometer of travel using bike-sharing,and the carbon emissions generated by cars and taxis are the first two of all travel modes,188.73g CO₂/p·km and 126.86g CO₂/p·km respectively.The carbon emission per person per kilometer of bike-sharing is 4.56 times higher than that of private bicycle,and the carbon emission per person per kilometer is in the order of car>taxi>electric bicycle>elderly bicycle>motorcycle>bus>subway>bike-sharing>private bicycle>walking.The emergence of bike-sharing will produce substitution benefits.From the perspective of substitution proportion,the first two proportion in all trip modes are walking and bus,the substitution proportion is 36.28%and 34.26%,respectively.From the perspective of low-carbon benefits,the emergence of bike-sharing is shown as carbon reduction.Under the established substitution scenario,each person can save 22.82g CO₂ on travelling one kilometer by bike-sharing.（2）The low carbon benefits of bike-sharing are closely related to its alternative transportation modes.In the baseline scenario K,the proportion of walking and bus replacement is reduced by 10%and 20%,respectively,and the proportion is increased to the proportion of cars and taxis.The carbon emission reduction in scenarios K1 and K2 are increased from 22.84g to 51.24g,81.01g once using a bike-sharing for one kilometer.The proportion of substitutions for cars and taxis decreased to half of the original and decreased to0,thenincreased it to the proportion of walking and buses,which was obtained by the situation K3,K4.The amount of carbon emission reduction per person per kilometer are decreased from 22.84g to 17.60g,2.20g on using bike-sharing.The use of bike-sharing to replace units with high emissions,such as cars,taxis,etc.,can bring greater low-carbon benefits,and changes in alternative structures have a major impact on the overall low-carbon benefits of shared bicycles.（3）The low carbon benefits of shared bicycles are closely related to its efficiency.The number of daily average turnovers and service life of bike-sharing in the baseline scenario M is reduced from 4 times and 3 years to 1 time,1 year and 2 times,and 2 years which set it in scenarios M1 and M2,the carbon emission reduction are changed from 22.8g in the baseline scenario to-68.50g,4.00g;then increased it to 4 times,4 years;5 times,5 years which set it in scenarios M3,M4,the carbon emission reduction are increased from 22.82g to 24.90g,27.14 g,respectively.The more daily average turnover of shared bicycles,the longer the service life,the higher the efficiency of use,and the overall low carbon efficiency is more obvious.（4）In order to maximize the low-carbon benefits of bike-sharing,it is necessary to guide continuously it to replace the higher-carbon trip modes.Meanwhile,it is necessary to significantly improve the efficiency of bike-sharing and reduce the damage caused by various reasons.Cities with bike-sharing should develop more convenient and low-carbon slow-moving traffic systems and remove some obstacles affecting bicycle riding.In addition,planning and sharing bicycle parking areas,improving road signs and markings,cleaning actively up bicycle lanes occupied by other vehicles,disposing of illegal delimitation of bicycle parking areas in bicycle lanes and illegal encroachment on bicycle lanes are all supplementary measures to guide bicycles to replace high-carbon trip modes.Reasonable dosage and management measures can promote the use efficiency of shared bicycles and thus produce overall low-carbon benefits.Establishing and improving the relevant regulatory measures will restrict the behavior of individuals and enterprises who destroy the use of bicycles.Effective related technical guarantees and strict regulatory measures will ultimately improve the service life and use efficiency of shared bicycles and bring overall low-carbon benefits.