Investigation For Psychologies And Behaviors Of Subway Crowds And Modeling Of Evacuation Dynamics Under Special Events

Urban rail transit is an important part of the current transportation system,which plays an important role in maintaining the rapid and orderly development of urban transportation,improving the quality and efficiency of urban public transport supply,alleviating urban traffic congestion,guiding and optimizing the layout of urban spatial structure,and improving the urban environment.Rail transit safety is one of the hot issues in the field of traffic safety.Scholars at home and abroad have carried out a lot of research on the emergency evacuation of crowds when train accidents and subway station fires,major passenger flow,explosions,terrorist attacks,earthquakes and other special events occur.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the impact of passenger psychological and behavioral responses on emergency evacuation under special events,such as fire and major passenger flow,in order to improve the safety of subway operation.By summarizing the characteristics of special events such as fire and passenger flow,this paper summarized the relevant technical requirements and evacuation standards for emergency evacuation in subway stations,and analyzed the factors affecting the evacuation efficiency,such as passengers,building structure,passengers' psychology,physiology,behavior characteristics,mastery of emergency evacuation knowledge and so on.A questionnaire was designed to investigate the psychological and behavioral characteristics of the subway crowd under special events,through the network questionnaire survey and the spot random survey,the basic characteristics of subway passengers,such as gender,age,occupation,educational background,the purpose and frequency of taking the subway,and familiarity with the location of fire extinguishers,emergency door openers,emergency stop buttons and so on were investigated,and psychological and behavioral reactions to special events such as subway station fires and major passenger flows were investigated.Through the correlation analysis of gender,age,occupation,education,safety knowledge and psychological and behavioral responses,it is found that they have different degrees of influence on the psychological and behavioral responses of subway population.Based on the Logistic regression model,the effects of gender,age,occupation and safety knowledge on passengers' behavior in special events such as fire and heavy passenger flow were analyzed.The common crowd evacuation models are summarized,and the improved model of crowd emergency evacuation was established under the condition of fire and heavy passenger flow by using the idea of social force model and considering the influence of guides and panic force on pedestrians.Taking Qingdao subway station as an example,According to the morning and evening peak number of non-working days,the number of simulated significant passenger flow was determined.The station model of the study object was established by Anylogic software.The simulation results showed that the pedestrian density was highly concentrated at the stairs and the electric elevator after the evacuation,which affected the total time of emergency evacuation.By using the method of Analytic hierarchy process(AHP),the population risk index system was established by selecting the first-class indicators of people,equipment,management,environment and age,passenger flow warning system,safety training and natural environment as the second-class indicators.The green,blue,yellow,orange and red early warning standards of risk early warning provide a reference for current limiting and diversion measures in subway operation.People,equipment,management,and environment were selected as the first-level indicators and age,passenger flow early warning system,safety training,and natural environment as secondary indicators to establish a population risk indicator system.The analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weights of each indicator,and a subway-intensive group was established.According to the established risk model of dense crowds in subway stations,it is determined that the subway crowds are Grade I,Grade II,Grade III,Grade IV,and Grade V risk levels,combined with the scale of special events such as fires and major passenger flows in the history of subway operations.Reasons,economic losses caused by society,political influence,grades,etc.,the risk warning criteria for densely populated subway stations are determined as three levels: blue warning,orange warning,red warning,limiting traffic for subway operations,Measures such as diversion provide a reference.