Simulation Research On Emergency Evacuation Of Subway Station

The main reasons for major subway accidents are the improper management of evacuation at the station and the irrational design of the buildings.Therefore,the factors affecting the evacuation process should be fully considered in the stage of designing stations.It is effective to prevent and reduce the number of the casualties by analyzing the problems existing in the evacuation process and putting forward reasonable emergency plans.The research on the emergency evacuation of the subway station through the computer simulation method is of significance because in this way the limitations of the exercise scenario,scale and funds can be avoided and it is more safe,efficient and flexible.This thesis focuses on an emergency evacuation simulation study of a subway station in Harbin.Firstly,the status quo of the service system of the subway station,the facility layout of the target subway station and the flow of the pedestrians in the station are analyzed,which provides a basis for further selection of the pedestrian evacuation model and the calibration of the model parameters.The theoretical models and simulation tools are chosen according to above analysis and the actual influence factors are combined with the social force model theory to form a complete pedestrian flow evacuation decision model theoretical system.Based on the theory,the thesis examines the reliability and feasibility of the simulation mo del by using the simulation software of Anylogic to establish the emergency evacuation simulation model for the target subway station with references to the evaluation criteria given in the “Metro Security Evacuation Specification”.The simulated simulation model is used to simulate the emergency evacuation of the subway station and evaluate its evacuation capacity.Finally,based on the simulation results,the strategies to improve the emergency evacuation capacity of the subway station is studied.Different from the previous methods of changing the layout of facilities and changing the evacuation passages such as stairs passages,the thesis proposes a method for transferring people’s safety zones within stations.Based on the ant colony algorithm,taking the shortest walking path as the optimization goal,the thesis takes pedestrian movement influencing factors,safe area capacity and other conditions into consideration,therefore,the site selection of the safety evacuation area within the station is optimized.According to the optimization plan,an optimization simulation model is established and the optimization effect is compared and analyzed.Applying modeling and simulation method to analyze the emergency evacuation capacity of the subway station can not only more reflect the evacuation law of pedestrians in the evacuation process,accurately,but also give simulation results quickly according to different optimization schemes and enhance the emergency evacuation of subway stations,in accuracy and effi ciency.Using ant colony algorithm to optimize the location of the security zone in the station can make it accurate and quick to select the optimal scheme.The thesis provides a better method for the improvement of the emergency evacuation capability of t he subway station.