| Sea cucumber is a highly nutritious marine nourishment of high protein and low fat.It is rich in human essential nutrients and many physiological active ingredients.biological active ingredient,has the anti-tumor,anticoagulant,resist fatigue and enhance the body immunity.Sea cucumber are thought to be better health tonic in our country and southeast.In recent years,sea cucumber enter in our country at absolute price advantage.To research and evaluate American sea cucumber quality characteristics and important chemical composition,find different sea cucumber constitute the characteristics of chemical composition,which has scientific significance and application value to study of the development and utilization of sea cucumber and Marine biology.In this paper,the differences of nutritional components of seven species of American sea cucumbers were compared and analyzed.The quality characteristics of American sea cucumbers were found.The quality characteristics of sea cucumbers were evaluated by comprehensive scoring method.The structure of sea cucumber saponins was analyzed and the effect of saponins on the aggregation of platelets was studied.Chemical composition analysis of seven species of American sea cucumbers.The contents of collagen,saponins,polysaccharides(fucoidan)and mineral elements in seven species of American sea cucumbers were determined by hydroxyproline kit,UV spectrophotometry,Discher and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The results showed that the content of collagen,saponins,polysaccharide(fucoidan)and sulphuric acid of 7 species of American dried sea cucumbers were highly different.The content of osteosarin ranged from 42.18 mg/g to 66.27 mg/g,0.40 g/100 g to 3.70 g/100 g,1.46g/100g to 5.57 g/100g and 0.63 mg/g to 1.02mg/g,respectively.The contents of mineral K,Na,Mg and Zn between the 7 species of American dried sea cucumbers are very different,which may be related to the geographical location and natural environment of sea cucumbers,and a method for detecting the content of chondroitin sulfate in sea cucumber is established.The chondroitin sulfate in seven species of American dried sea cucumbers was extracted by protease hydrolysis,and then the samples were hydrolyzed with chondroitin sulfate ABC enzyme.The separation conditions of three components of chondroitin sulfate A,chondroitin sulfate B and chondroitin sulfate C were analyzed by ZORBAX.Finally,the area integral of chondroitin sulfate A,B and C three were calculated.And the content of chondroitin sulfate in seven species of dried sea cucumber was calculated from standard curve of chondroitin sulfate.The method has good linear relation in the linear range of 0.5mg/mL to 6mg/mL.The method has good precision,the relative standard deviation is 2.7%,the repeatability is good,the relative standard deviation is 3.22%,the recovery rate of the addition standard is good,the average recovery rate of the recovery rate is 100.94%,the RSD is 1.50%(n=5),the method of chondroitin sulfate determination is basically stable in 10h,and RSD is 0.74%.(n=6)the results show that the method for the determination of chondroitin sulfate in sea cucumber by HPLC is accurate and reliable,and can be used for the determination of chondroitin sulfate content in sea cucumber.Analysis of the quality characteristics of seven American sea cucumbers.7 kinds of American dried sea cucumbers were analyzed by sensory evaluation,and the basic physical and chemical indexes of 7 kinds of dried sea cucumbers were measured by national standard method,including the sediment content,water content,salt,dry weight rate and protein content of dried sea cucumber.The basic physical and chemical indexes and main chemical components of dried sea cucumber were evaluated by comprehensive scoring method.The results showed that the contents of sand content,water content,salt and rehydration dry weight of 7 species of American dried sea cucumber were 0.61% to6.48%,2.04%~9.26%,8.58%to 43.74%,50.39%to 77.18%and 38.09%~68.45%.Comprehensive quality evaluation revealed the ranking of the sea cucumbers as Actinopyga miliaris>Nigrum rice spinam>Bohadschia Marmorata>Holothuria atra>Cucumaria frondosa Gunnerus>Parastichopuscalifornicus>Athyonidium Chilensis.Analysis of structural characteristics of saponins from Actinopyga miliaris.The macroporous resin was enriched with sea cucumber saponins and high performance liquid chromatography was used to separate and purify each monomer of the saponins.Then the hydrogen spectrum of the saponins monomer was obtained by NMR spectra.The structure of the purified saponins group III was analyzed by literature retrieval and compared with the known saponins.The results showed that the components of the Saponins Extracted from the saponins were triterpene glycosides.The antiplatelet aggregation of triterpenoid saponins from Actinopyga miliaris.The content of cAMP and thromboxane A2(TXA2)in plasma was determined by a kit method,and the effect of different saponins concentration on the activity of platelet aggregation was investigated.The mechanism of antiplatelet aggregation of saponins was studied.The results showed that the saponins could inhibit the platelet aggregation activity induced by ADP,and had a certain concentration dependence.With the increase of saponins concentration,the inhibition rate was higher.The group III of saponins could promote the synthesis of cAMP in plasma and increase the concentration of cAMP,thus inhibiting the aggregation of platelets,and the concentration of cAMP increased with the increase of saponins concentration.The group III of saponins inhibited the synthesis of TXA2 and decreased the level of TXA2 in plasma.The concentration of the group III of saponins decreased with the increase of saponin concentration.Compared to the other six species of Nigrum rice spinam,Bohadschia Marmorata,Holothuria atra,Cucumaria frondosa Gunnerus,Parastichopuscalifornicus,and Athyonidium Chilensis,Actinopyga miliaris has excellent quality characteristics.A comprehensive scoring system for sea cucumber has been established,and the detectionmethod of sea cucumber chondroitin sulfate has been optimized.A preliminary analysis was made of the structure of the three terpenoid saponins from the non sea cucumber,which was a new type of three terpenoid saponins.The excellent characteristics of the inhibition of platelet aggregation were studied.A new type of sea cucumber saponins may be contained in the sea cucumber,suggesting that the metabolic pathways of marine organisms are closely related to the marine ecological environment,suggesting that the American sea cucumber may also contain other new compounds. |
