| Mature harvesting is the key factor to affect the quality formation and industrial availability of cigar outer wrapping tobacco.This study focused on the mature characteristics and harvest time of tobacco leaves,and conducted many field experiments on cigar planting base in Changhaoxiang,Wuzhishan City,Hainan Province from 2017 to 2018,to study the relationship between physical characteristics,chemical composition,neutral aroma substance,enzyme activity,plastid pigment,sensory quality and harvest time of cigar wrapper.The results are as follows: 1.Effect of harvest time on enzyme activity in tobacco leaves of Hainan cigar wrapperThe activity of POD in cigar leaves of Wuzhishan,Hainan Province showed a downward trend at the mature stage of field.The activities of SOD and amylase of PPOO were increased first and then decreased,and the activities of PPO-SOD and amylase were the highest in the middle leaves collected 30 days after topping.When the upper leaves were harvested 40 days after topping,the activity of PPO-SOD and amylase was the highest.2.Effect of harvest time on the content of Plastid pigments in Tobacco leaves of Hainan cigar wrapperThe pigment content in the middle leaves of Wuzhishan,Hainan Province increased first and then decreased during field ripening,and reached the highest value 30 days after topping,and then decreased gradually.With the increase of harvest time,the content of chlorophyll in tobacco leaf decreased rapidly,and the content of carotenoid decreased slowly,which led to the increase of the ratio of carotene to chlorophyll,but there was no significant difference in the ratio of carotenoid to chlorophyll among the experiments.3.Effect of harvest time on chemical constituents of tobacco leaves from Hainan cigar wrapperThe content of starch,nicotine and total sugar in the upper leaves increased in the early stage of maturation,but decreased in the late mature period with the increasing harvest time of the tobacco leaves in Wuzhishan.Compared with the upper leaves,the total nitrogen content was higher and the nicotine content was lower in the middle leaf.The nicotine content of the middle leaf and the upper leaf showed a rising trend,and the ratio between total nitrogen and total alkali decreased with the harvest time.With the increasing harvest time of the field,the nicotine content in tobacco leaves increased gradually after drying,the potassium content decreased,and the chlorine content increased.At the same time,the content of nicotine appeared first in the ratio of total sugar content to sugar alkali content.The ratio of total nitrogen to total base decreases with the increase of harvest time.The most suitable time for collecting middle leaves should be 30 days after topping,and the most suitable time for collecting upper leaves should be 40 days after topping.It can fully show the quality characteristics of cigar leaf "low sugar and high nitrogen",and is similar to the chemical composition index of the outer prepuce tobacco leaf of foreign high quality cigar.4.Effect of harvest time on the physical characteristics of tobacco leaf in Hainan cigar wrapperWith the increase of harvest time,the balance water content in the treatment process is basically unchanged,the leaf thickness,the leaf weight and the tensile force change first and then decrease,the leaf thickness and the tensile force reach the maximum time point is 30 days after the topping,the tobacco stem content is now decreasing and then increasing,and the leaf thickness is negative phase.In the upper tobacco,the leaf thickness and mass weight decrease with the increase of tobacco leaf harvest time,which is the minimum at 50 days after topping,and the tensile force increases first and then decreases,the maximum of 40 days after topping,the increase of the content of the stem,and the balance water cut rate,30 days after topping.Cut down.In terms of leaf thickness and tensile force,the suitable harvest time of leaf wrapper coat in central Hainan was 30 days after topping,that is,MC3 treatment,and that of upper leaf coat was 40 days after topping,that is,MB3 treatment.5.Effect of harvest time on the content of neutral aroma substances in tobacco leaves of Hainan cigar wrapperChoosing suitable harvest time could obviously increase the content of aromatic substances in cigar outer prepuce tobacco leaves,but the peak value of neutral aroma substances in middle leaves and upper leaves was not in the same period.For the middle leaves,17 of the 28 aroma substances tested peaked at MC3;from the upper leaves,including benzyl alcohol,There were 11 different aroma components,such as butanone and guaiacol,which reached the peak at MB2 harvest.Because cigars have the characteristic of high aroma,the most suitable harvest time for middle leaves is 30 days after topping,while for upper leaves,the best harvest time is 30 days after topping.For eggplant tobacco,it should be collected after 40 days of topping.6.Effect of harvest time on sensory quality of Hainan cigar wrapper tobacco leavesWith the incessant improvement of tobacco harvest degree,the aroma temperament and aroma content of tobacco leaves after air-curing will increase first and then decrease.The characteristics of strength,sweetness,combustibility,hair permeability and ash content will rise first and then decrease,irritation and fineness.The taste characteristics such as taste decreased slightly,but the characteristics of miscellaneous gas,agglomeration and concentration changed little.In the middle leaves of MC2/MC3 period,and in the upper leaves of MB2/MB3 period,the smoking quality evaluation score was the highest,which was mainly characterized by good combustibility,strong strength,mellow aroma,good flavor,good taste,and strong irritation,and the results showed that: the tobacco leaves collected in the middle leaf during MC2 and MC3 period had the highest evaluation score of sucking quality.Eggplant ash snow white and so on.Considering the physical characteristics,chemical composition,neutral aroma substance,enzyme activity,plastid pigment and sensory quality evaluation of Hainan cigar leaf,the middle leaves of Hainan cigar leaf should be harvested within 25-30 days after topping.At this time,the mature characteristics of middle tobacco are as follows: the main vein of tobacco leaf,the branch vein becomes white and bright,the leaf falls yellow,the fluffy leaves fall off a few to most parts,the leaf tip droops more,the angle of stem and leaf is about 60 °.The upper leaves should be harvested within 35-40 days after topping.The mature characteristics of the upper leaves are as follows: at this time,the tobacco leaves are light green,the main veins become white and bright,the branching veins turn from green to yellow,a few furry hairs fall off,and the tip of the leaves is slightly removed.The angle of stem and leaf is about 45 °. |
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