Application Of The Wastes From Processing Fruit And Vegetable In Biosurfactant Fermentation

In this paper,the biosurfactant?BS?production from the wastes of processing potato,potato starch and brewing grape wine was studied by the fermentation of Bacillus licheniformis DGG-1-3-F.By the fermentation experiments on the amount of the above wastes and the degree of grinding the residue from wine brewing,the feasibility of using the wastes as the raw material of BS fermentation and processing the crude BS products was explored by measuring the total sugar,reducing sugar,surface tension?ST?,emulsification activity(EI₂₄),acidity,pH and other indicators of the fermentation process and extracted of crude BS.The waste residue and waste water produced in potato starch production was used as whole culture medium,in which contained 1%,2%,3%,4%,5%waste residue in the waste water.The results showed that the ST?16.6 mN/m,16.1 mN/m?of fermenting broth with 4%and 5%waste residue were similar,decreased by 69.7%,70.6%,respectively,which was obviously higher than that with waste residue at other concentration,but there was no significant difference in the EI₂₄?about 10%?among all the tested groups.By the fermentation with 2%,6%,10%waste residue in tap water and 2%,4%,6%waste residue in the waste water from processing potato as whole culture medium,the results showed that the ST of fermenting broth with 4%waste residue in the waste water reduced to the lowest,24.6 mN/m,decreased by57.6%,which was obviously higher than that at other concentration,there was no significant difference in the EI₂₄?about 4%?among all the tested groups.By the fermentation with 10%,12.5%and15%waste residue from brewing grape wine as whole culture medium,the results showed that the ST?41.6 mN/m,42.1 mN/m?of fermenting broth with 12.5%and 15%waste residue was similar,decreased by 25.6%,26.0%respectively,and the EI₂₄4 of the both fermenting broth was similar?20%and 21%?,which was obviously higher than that with waste residue at other concentrations.The crush time was used to represent crush degree of waste residue from brewing grape wine.By the fermentation with the waste residue from brewing grape wine crushed for 0-4.5 min as whole culture medium,the results showed that the ST?44.3 mN/m,43.6 mN/m?of fermenting broth with the waste residue from brewing grape wine crushed for 3.5 min and 4.5 min was similar,decreased by?20.3%,20.6%?and the EI₂₄4 of the both fermenting broth was similar?26.6%,27.3%?,which was obviously higher than that with waste residue at other crush degree.The fermentation broth was treated by centrifugation,filtration and sterilization to obtain the supernatant crude BS.It was found that the ST of the liquid crude BS obtained by centrifugation at 4?and 10000 rpm for 20 min reduced to 26.6 mN/m and the EI₂₄4 increased to 12%,and exhibited good tolerance and stability in the environment at-20-20°C,pH 6-12 1-5%NaCl and 0.05-0.2%potassium sorbitate.The liquid crude without adding any antiseptic substance could keep the surfactivity.The supernatant from fermenting the wastes of processing potato starch and brewing grape wine was added HCl to pH2.0 to precipitate solid crude BS,and the yield of solid crude BS was 0.63g/L and 0.46g/L,respectively.The crude BS by fermenting the waste of processing potato and the waste residue of brewing grape wine was applied to clean the oil on the polluted dish and cloth.It was found that the liquid crude BS products obtained by centrifugation,filtration,and centrifugal filtration,respectively had the cleaning ability and efficiency.The degreasing rate for dish and cloth of the liquid crude BS produced from processing potato and the waste residue of brewing grape wine by centrifugation was 81%,7.6%,80%,and 7.2%,respectively.The degreasing capacity of the liquid crude BS by fermenting the wastes from processing potato was slightly higher than that of the waste residue of brewing grape wine.