Synthesis And Characterization Of Hydrogenated Castor Oil Amide Compounds

Wax consumption is increasing each year,which most come from natural,petroleum-based and synthetic waxes.Because the source of the natural waxes is single,with the limited supply and the high price,while the paraffin based wax is not renewable,and the price depends on the highly variable price of crude petroleum.Therefore,most efforts are focused on vegetable oil based waxes.Fatty acid amide compounds are synthesized by vegetable oils or fatty acids and amines,which are solids under ordinary conditions.When heated up to the melting point,it melts into liquid.It has the properties of higher melting point,hardness and cohesiveness.Fatty acid amide wax can be used as a replacement of carnauba wax,beeswax and paraffin wax in the industrial field of chemical,textile,pharmaceutical,cosmetic,food and so on.Therefore,it's very important to investigate fatty acid amide compounds in practical application.In this paper,the process condition of hydrogenated castor oil is optimally studied with hydrogenated castor oil as raw materials,and the characteristics of the product are analyzed.At the same time,a method for determining the cohesiveness of wax was developed,which provided a reference for further application and development.The main results are summarized as follows:(1)Hydrogenated castor oil fatty acid amide was prepared by hydrogenated castor oil and ethylenediamine.The effect on amide content of the various conditions,as molar ratio(hydrogenated castor oil to ethylenediamine),reaction time and reaction temperature were studied.Based on the results of single factorial experiments,Box-Behnken design of response surface method was employed to further optimize the reaction conditions and the quadric regression equation on the amide contert was established.The results show that the optimal reaction conditions are as follows: n(Hydrogenated castor oil): n(ethanediamine)=1:4,2.5 h of reaction time,134? of reaction temperature.Under the optimal conditions,the measured amide content was up to 71.42%,which coincides with the predicted amide content of 71.81%.It is revealed that the quadric regression equation is reliable.(2)Hydrogenated castor oil fatty acid monoethanolamide was prepared by hydrogenated castor oil and ethanolamine.The influence of molar ratio(hydrogenated castor oil to ethanolamine),reaction time,reaction temperature were studied,and the optimum conditions were obtained by orthogonal test as follows: molar ratio of hydrogenated castor oil to ethanolamine 1:3,reaction temperature 120?,reaction time 5 h.Under the optimum conditions,the conversion rate of ethanolamine was 98.53 %.The result showed that molar ratio of hydrogenated castor oil to ethanolamine and reaction showed a significant impact on the reaction.(3)In order to determine the cohesiveness of waxes,a texture analyzer with blade was used to measure force during compression testing,area(peak area(g*mm)from 0 to maximum force(rupture)during testing)was used to present wax cohesiveness.At 4 mm thickness,distance between two fulcrums was 20 mm(10 mm/10 mm),melting temperature was 60? higher than the melting point of waxes,holding time was 6 h,and relative standard deviations were <10%.The results of experiment were correlated with the results of sensory evaluation,so using a texture analyzer to determine wax cohesiveness is feasibility.(4)In order to determine the character of the synthetic waxes,and the characteristics of paraffin,beeswax,and carnauba wax are compared and analyzed.The quality index of hydrogenated castor oil fatty acid amide wax: the melting point of about 120 to 130?,the hardness of 13574.3 g,the cohesiveness of 845.3 g*mm;The quality index of hydrogenated castor oil fatty acid monoethanolamide wax: the melting point of about 90 to 100?,the hardness of 10059.4 g,the cohesiveness of 681.0 g*mm.The melting point of the two synthetic waxes are higher than that of the carnauba wax(80?),beeswax(60?)and paraffin(30~60?).The hardness is less than that of carnauba wax,and is higher than that of beeswax and paraffin.The cohesiveness is less than that of carnauba wax,beeswax and paraffin wax.It means that the synthetic waxes have high melting point,high hardness and good cohesiveness.And the wax cardboard coating was analyzed.The results show that the resistance to high temperature of the synthetic waxes coated cardboard is better than that of the carnauba wax,beeswax and paraffin.The wax loss of coated cardboard is close to carnauba wax,beeswax and paraffin.The compression force is greater than that of beeswax,paraffin,palm wax,but less than that of carnauba wax.It has good application properties of cardboard coating,which is a synthesis of amide waxes that can replace carnauba wax and beeswax.