Analysis On Mian Agronomy And Quality Traits Of National Registered Wheat Varieties Of Southern Yellow-Huai River Valley Wheat Zone

Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is one of the important crops in China and plays an important role in safeguarding national food security.The southern Yellow-Huai River Valley winter wheat zone is the largest wheat area in China,and the annual wheat sowing area accounts for 30% of the national wheat area,and the natural conditions of this region are suitable for the production of high-quality wheat.It is important to analyze the yield and quality of wheat in this region and it has important guiding effect on the development of the high yield,high quality and wheat production.In this research,in order to comprehend the development tendency,the present situation and the problems of wheat cultivars,we summarize and analyze the data of yield and quality traits of 127 national registered wheat varieties in the southern Yellow-Huai River Valley winter wheat zone.The results would provide the information for wheat breeding of high yield,high quality and cultivars utilization in this wheat zone.The main results are as follows.1.Analysis of the characteristics of winterness-springness,plant height and yield traits.The most of cultivars are semi-winter.The average of plant height,spike number,seeds per spike,1000-grain weight and yield were 80.9 cm,605.2 104/hm2,33.4,42.1 g and 7525.2 kg/hm2,respectively.The CV(Coefficient ofvariation)of plant height,spike number,seeds per spike,1000-grain weight and yield were 6.06%,7.61%,9.31%,7.92%,and 7.72%,respectively.The CV of seeds per spike was the largest.Spike number of 6 varieties(Huapei No.5,Liangxing 66,Suyumai No.1,Huacheng 3366,Luomai 24 and Zhongyanmai No.1)exceeded 675.0 104 /hm2,seeds per spike of 3 varieties(Yumai No.66,Laokaoai No.66 and Zhoumai 23)exceeded40.0 and 1000-grain weight of 3 varieties(Zhengyumai 9987,Shenyuan 619 and Zhongyuan 18)exceeded 50.0 g.The yield of 5varieties(Yumai 158,Huanmai 33,Weilai 0818,Cunmai No.8,and Fengdecunmai No.5)exceeded8550.0 kg/hm2.In the period of 2001-2005,2006-2010,and 2011-2016,CV of plant height was low,seeds per spike showed a trend of firstly up and then down.Spike number,1000-grain weight and yield showed a increasing trend from 2001 to 2016,and annually increased by an average of 1.93 104/hm2,0.19 g and 63.34 kg/hm2,respectively.Wheat varieties of southern Yellow-Huai River Valley winter wheat zone should be mainly semi-winter,and to stabilize spike number,and increase seeds per spikeand 1000-grain weight,and then obtain the higher yield.2.Analysis onqualitytraits of wheat cultivars.Based on the average of quality traits of 127 wheat varieties,test weight(795 g/L),protein content(14.22%)and wet gluten content(30.8%)reached the standard of strong gluten wheat,waterabsorption(57.9%),stabilitytime(5.1 min),maximum resistance(269 E.U.)and extensionarea(60 cm2)reached the standard of medium gluten wheat.It indicated that the quality of 127 national registered wheat cultivars in southern Yellow-Huai River Valley winter wheat zone from 2001 to 2016 is strong gluten or medium gluten in average.Based on the CV of quality traits of 127 wheat varieties,test weight(1.45%),protein content(5.18%),wet gluten content(7.24%)and waterabsorption(6.27%)showed small differences between varieties.Stability time(76.46%),maximum resistance(54.59%)and extensionarea(63.50%)showed large differences between varieties.Based on the annual mean of 7 quality traits,protein content and wet gluten contentgenerally showed an increasing trend.Water absorption is generally low after 2011,and stability timewas improved after 2010.Maximum resistance and extensionareashowed an increasing trend and annually increased by an average of7.21 E.U.and 1.36 cm2.Based on the wheat quality standards of NY/T 967 2006,there were 100 mediumgluten types and 27 strong glutentypesamong 127 wheat varieties.There were 6,5 and 16 strong gluten varieties approved in 2001-2005,2006-2010 and 2011-2016,respectively.It should attach importance to improve the traits of waterabsorption in the qualityimprovement in southern Yellow-Huai River Valley winter wheat zone.It should enhance the improvement of stability time,maximum resistance and extension area,and improve the processing quality of wheat varieties.