| The evolution of landscape patterns in coal mining areas is a dynamic spatial-temporal evolution process driven by resource extraction,which is a comprehensive reflection of the impact of mining on regional ecosystems.Therefore,studying the evolution of landscape patterns is conducive to the ecological reconstruction of mining areas.This paper takes the Loess Hilly-Gully Mine Area as the research object,and takes the theory and method of landscape ecology as the guidance.It systematically analyzes the changes of landscape types and the landscape pattern under mining disturbance.Based on the theory of ecological civilization and the theory of coordinated development of the "PLE",the factors that determine the spatial distribution of the "PLE" are determined.The distribution index is used to analyze the bands under different factors,and comprehensive analysis is made to obtain "PLE " in the coal mining area.In order to provide a certain reference for the reconstruction of the mining area after the closure of the mine.The main research results are as follows:(1)Based on the life cycle theory and the development history of coal mines,the research period is divided into the starting period,development period,stable period,and closed mine period.Then,based on the data of the land use at each time phase,the reclassification in the GIS is carried out to obtain different life cycle of the coal mine.The distribution pattern of landscape patterns under the nodes.(2)The spatial-temporal evolution of landscape pattern was analyzed in detail by the number of landscape types and landscape type transfer matrix.During the study period,the area of cultivated land changed the most,with a total decrease of 285.19 hm2,and the change occurred mostly during the start-up period and the stable period.The number of villages increased by 207.27hm2,and the number of garden land increased by 113.81hm2.The grassland decreased by 33.5hm2.The industrial landscapes changed greatly during the initial period and closed period,and the overall area increased first and then decreased.Coal mines have different landscape transfer areas at different stages of development.However,as a whole,cultivated land is the main source of transfer,mainly to the villages and gardens.(3)For the graininess effect of the landscape index,the spatial data analysis module converts the vector data into 5m to 30m raster images of 10 different granularities.Based on the sensitivity of each landscape index to the change of grain size and the actual situation,the lOm-based optimal study size was determined.SPSS software was used for correlation analysis,and independent landscape indexes such as NP,LPI,and SHDI were screened for subsequent research.(4)At the patch level,Different types of landscape changes have their own characteristics.The change of the landscape level indicates that diversification and fragmentation are the changes of the coal mining area.Compared with the surrounding non-coal mining areas,this change trend is even more pronounced and the degree of change is even more severe.The study of driving forces shows that the landscape pattern evolution of coal mining areas is affected by the four driving factors of mining development,population,policy orientation,and traffic location.(5)Using the distribution index of "PLE" space on different grading zones of different impact factors.The distribution of "three births" space in coal mining areas is influenced by different factors.The optimized production space has shifted from scattered distribution to concentrated distribution,mainly concentrated in the loess plateau in the middle of the coal mining area.The living space has changed from the original scattered distribution to the centralized distribution.The ecological space is distributed on the east and west sides and in parts of the central area. |
PDF Full Text Request