| With the improvement of people's living standards and the change of dietary structure,chronic non-communicable diseases have become an important issue affecting people's health,the type 2diabetes rapidly increases and gradually becomes a serious threat to human health.The type2 diabetes is a metabolic syndrome characterized by long-term hyperglycemia(fasting blood glucose more than the 7.8 mmol/L)and a disorder in the metabolism of glucose and lipids caused by a relatively insufficient amount of insulin.At present,hypoglycemic agents such as insulin,biguanides,sulphonylureas,and ?-glycosidase inhibitors are commonly used in the treatment of diabetes.There are many toxic and side effects in long-term use of these drugs,and the economic burden is heavy.Therefore,plant hypoglycemic has received great attention at home and abroad,especially for food plants with high safety.At present,the research on the hypoglycemic effect of plants is mainly based on single substances,such as Mulberry leaves,Konjac powder and Huangjing,etc.However,there are few studies on the hypoglycemic effect of various plants.Mulberry leaf,Huang jing,and konjac are recognized as common food materials and medicinal plants that contain various active ingredients.In this study,a high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with streptozotocin injection was used to establish a mouse model of type 2 diabetes,to investigate the hypoglycemic effects and possible mechanisms of the food-derived plant formulas of stinky vitex,mulberry leaves,huangjing and konjac(abbreviated as plant formulas).Simultaneous determination of physicochemical components of the plant formula and acute toxicity tests provide a scientific reference for the plant formula to be better applied in daily life.The main findings are as follows:1.According to the use of plant formulations,grouped as follows: Root-leaf mixture aqueous extract group(composed of 4 kinds of roots,stems and leaves,smelly vitex,mulberry,huangjing,and konjac,referred to as root and leaf group),whole-leaf mixture aqueous extract group(composed of 4 kinds of leaves of smelly vitex,mulberry,huangjing and konjac,referred to as the whole-leaf group)and a mixed powder group(composed of 4 kinds of powders of Smelly vitex,Mulberry,Huangjing and Konjac,referred to as mixed powder).Measure the basic physicochemical components of each formulation group and conduct an acute toxicity test.(1)The basic ingredients of the plant formula include ash,total sugar,reducing sugar,crude fat,crude fiber,flavonoids,phenolic substances,and various mineral elements such as iron,manganese,copper,zinc,selenium,potassium,phosphorus,and magnesium.The contents of phenolics and total flavonoids in the root-leaf group,whole-leaf group,mixed-powder was 4.85,3.07 and 3.23 mg/g,12.72,11.85 and 9.71 mg/g,respectively;The contents of manganese,zinc,and iron were the most abundant.In mineral element,the contents of manganese were 144.00,65.70 and 127.74 mg/kg,respectively,the zinc content was 9.72,6.66 and 8.08 mg/kg,respectively,the iron content was 29.90,14.30 and 25.67 mg/kg,respectively.And contains a small amount of selenium elements were 20.10,11.30 and 13.13 ?g/kg,respectively.(2)Toxicity test.According to the classic mice toxicity test method,the test was carried out on the root-leaf group,the whole-leaf group,and the mixed-powder.According to the maximal gastric administration volume of the mice,the volume was 40 m L/kg.bw,and 2 consecutive gavaging was performed within 24 h,dosing interval 6h.At the end of the 14 d observation period,mice were fasted overnight and sacrificed.The results showed that there was no death in the root-leaf group,the whole-leaf group,and the mixed-powder mice.It was no obvious toxic reaction.The weight gain and food intake were normal.The morphology and color of all organs of the anatomical mouse were normal.2.Plant formulas adjust blood glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice.(1)After 4w intervention,compared with the model group,the weight of the root-leaf group,the whole-leaf group,and the mixed-powder mice weight was increased by 5.96 %,3.27%,and 2.97%,respectively,Fasting blood glucose was decreased by 38.51 %,17.37 %,and 37.11 %,respectively.It is suggested that the root-leaf group,the whole-leaf group,and the mixed-powder have adjust blood sugar regulation function on type 2 diabetic mice.(2)After 4w intervention,compared with the model group,the blood serum high-density protein(HDL-C)of the root-leaf group,the whole-leaf group,and the mixed-powder increased by 44.41 %,35.81 % and 31.52 %,respectively;Low density protein(LDL-C)decreased by 22.91 %,39.27 % and 38.54 %,respectively;Cholesterol(TC)and triglyceride(TG)decreased by 12.94 %,18.89 %,12.14 % and 16.77 %,15.57 %,16.17 %,respectively;Free fatty acids were reduced by 31.32 %,18.07 %,and 25.30 %,respectively.It is speculated that the root-leaf group,the whole-leaf group and the mixed-powder can relieve the mice insulin resistance mice,the possible mechanism is to reduce the mice serum FFA,reduce the production of TG by the synthetic with FFA,and reduce the competition between TG and glucose into the body,it promotes the oxidation and utilization of glucose,improves the glucose stimulating insulin secretion barrier,and improves the biological effects of insulin.(3)After 4w intervention,compared with the model group,the root-leaf group,the whole-leaf group,and the mixed-powder can significantly reduce the hepatic index of the type 2 diabetic mice,improve the hepatomegaly,reduce the serum AST and ALT levels,and combine with the results of liver tissue pathology,suggesting that the root-leaves group,whole-leaf group and mixed-powder had certain protective effects on liver injury of type 2 diabetic mice.3.Plant formulas improve serum insulin and inflammatory factors in type 2 diabetic mice.After 4w intervention,compared with the model group,the serum level of insulin in the root-leaf group,the whole-leaf group,and the mixed-powder increased by 35.59 %,23.65 %,and 28.19 %,respectively,and serum TNF-?,IL-6 levels were significantly reduced.It is suggested that the root-leaf group,the whole-leaf group,and the mixed-powder can reduce the inflammatory response,reduce the inflammatory reaction,improve the ? cell damage,and improve the insulin resistance by reducing the serum inflammatory factors in diabetic mice.4.Plant formulas improve intestinal probiotics in type 2 diabetic mice.After 4w intervention,compared with the model group,the p H values of the root-leaf group,the whole-leaf group,and the mixed-powder cecum contents were decreased;The contents of cecal short-chain fatty acids were increased significantly(P<0.05),but the content of butyric acid increased most significantly(P<0.05).The contents of bifidobacterium bifidum and lactic acid bacteria were increased significantly(P<0.05),and the content of E.coli were decreased significantly(P<0.05).Combined with small intestinal pathology showed the results,it is suggested that the root-leaf group,whole leaf-group,and mixed-powder can relieve the insulin resistance of the type 2 diabetic mice by improving the intestinal microflora homeostasis and repairing the small intestine tissue. |
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