Ecosystem Raising Model Constructing For Small And Medium-sized Farm In Hilly Area Of South China

Hunan belong to major pig-producing province,live pig market volume in the country's second,pigs become one of the important pillars of farmers'income and agricultural economy,pigs in a rich agricultural economy,at the same time also produced a large number of livestock and poultry waste pig-breeding pollution is the most serious in the aquaculture pollution,the most difficult.How to guarantee the development of pig breeding industry,at the same time,reduce the pollution to the environment is a problem that must solve.This study from a water fountain,column shear processing,ecological pond and hardening the ditch wetland these four aspects,through the contrast test and analysis,summarize the pig pollution source control and end technology,build a suitable for the southern hilly region of small and medium-sized farms breeding ecological pattern.The main results are listed as follow:?1?Choose clean water fountain and rinse clean washing device can greatly reduce the discharge of water pollutants of breeding,and clean wash ways can reduce wastewater emissions of pollutants.Through the test results show that using the duck-billed and bowl type water fountain modified combined water fountain can reduce the sewage discharge in the process of pig water 85%,using high pressure flushing way than normal pressure flushing way 30⁴0%,and reduced discharge of sewage effluent CODcr,TN,TP and NH₃-N emissions decreased by 28%,29%,14%and 28%respectively;High-pressure flushing water mixed flushing way 30³5%,and reduced discharge of sewage effluent CODcr,TN,TP and NH₃-N emissions decreased by 28%,20%,18%and 28%respectively.?2?After anaerobic and aerobic treatment of aquaculture wastewater by ecological pond treatment system can achieve a better removal effect.According to the test results show that in the whole ecological pond treatment system,the pollutant COD,TN,TP and NH₃-N average removal efficiency of 77%,93%,77%and 93%respectively.?3?Hardening ditch running research shows that:the spring period ditch wetland plant water celery,tang calamus,bulrush,canna COD pollutant in water purification efficiency are 45.43%,49.40%,48.47%and 45.43%respectively,on the average water pollutant TN purification efficiency are 59.40%,55.97%,55.30%and 59.40%respectively,on the TP pollutant in water purification efficiency are 58.65%,58.34%,59.92%and 58.65%respectively,NH₃-N pollutant in water purification efficiency were 45.79%,44.46%,46.97%and 44.46%respectively.Autumn period ditch wetland plant water celery,tang calamus,bulrush,canna COD pollutant in water purification efficiency are 38.96%,43.67%,44.74%and 38.96%respectively,on the average water pollutant TN purification efficiency are 52.52%,51.94%,52.89%and 52.52%respectively,on the TP pollutant in water purification efficiency are 53.71%,52.57%,52.82%and 53.71%respectively,NH₃-N pollutant in water purification efficiency were 41.15%,40.89%,45.27%and 40.89%respectively.?4?According to the natural conditions in southern hilly area,and waste recycling use present situation,explore suitable for the southern hilly region in the development of small and medium-sized farms four ecological farming model.Through the test data results show that:in the"source control-agriculture waste storage tank system"mode,a given quantity of each head of pig producing waste every day need to form a complete set of the different types of rice farming land area of 0.23m²,0.33m² radish,0.87m² peanuts,1.14m² chili,0.88m² tea;In the"source control-A/O process of anaerobic treatment,agricultural planting system"mode,A given quantity of each head of pig producing waste every day need to form A complete set of the different types of rice farming land area of 0.20m²,0.28m² radish,0.73m² peanuts,0.96m² chili,0.74m² tea;In the"source control-A/O process of anaerobic and aerobic treatment-the ecological pond system"mode,the effective volume 1m³ of ecological pond can be given each head of pig every day produce pollutant COD amount to 2.3mg,1.7mg,TP amount TN 0.15mg,NH₃-N amount of 0.49mg;In the"source control-A/O process of anaerobic and aerobic treatment-ecological ditch system"mode,A test cycle per 1 m plant water celery ditches can remove pollutants total COD,TN,TP and NH₃-N were 11.89g and 9.07g,0.91g and 2.99g,each 1 m planting tang calamus ditches can remove pollutants total COD,TN,TP and NH₃-N were 12.12g and9.01g,0.90g and 2.98g,each 1 m planting rush ditches can remove pollutants total COD,TN,TP and NH₃-N were 11.92g and 8.97g,0.91g and 2.98g,each 1 m planting canna ditches can remove pollutants total COD,TN,TP and NH₃-N were 12.03g and 8.99g,0.90g and 2.95g.At the same time,the latter two ecological farming models should also refer to the"agro-planting system"model,with different types of agricultural land to be used for the use of livestock and poultry droppings.