Application Of Paper-based Device Functionalized With Nanogold And Its Composites In The Detection Of Cancer Cell

Cancer,as the main health killer,has brought serious threats to human survival.Accurate and highly effective early diagnosis play important role on the monitoring and treatment of cancer.Paper has attracted a wide range of research interests due to its low cost,ubiquitousness,portability,and good biocompatibility.Nowadays,paper-based electrochemiluminescence,electrochemical and photoelectrochemical analysis devices have been successfully used for the diagnosis of cancer.However,low-cost,simple and portable analysis equipment need to be developed for the less skilled in remote areas.Generaly,the amounts of circulating tumor cells in blood and signal molecules associated with tumor cells are very low.Therefore,it is urgent to develop portable and highly sensitive paper-based cell devices for the effective detection of cancer cells.In this paper,different multifunctional paper-based devices were designed based on the paper-based research work of our research group,which were integrated with different paper chips functionalized with nano-gold and its composites.Combining with the new signal amplifications strategies,the proposed paper-based cyto-sensing platforms were used for the sensitive detection of cancer cells,which provided a reliable basis for the early diagnosis of cancer.The main research work includes following three parts:(1)A sudoku-like lab-on-paper cyto-device integrated with the dual enhancement of reaction intermediates strategy was designed.The paper fibers were functionalized with gold nanorods via the in-situ reduction method,which were used as the good bioarray for the loading of cells,multi-branched hybrid chains,and silver nanoparticles.Herein,the semicarbazide and silver nanoparticles were used as the dual enhancers of the graphene quantum dot electrochemiluminescence system,which could sharply enhance the electrochemiluminescence signal and achieve the sensitive detection of cancer cells.(2)By fully utilizing the three-dimensional interwoven cellulose fibers network of paper,graphene and gold palladium alloy nanoparticles were grown on the cellulose fibers surface and the macroporous structure of the paper.The resulted paper substrate with the large conductivity,unusual biocompatibility,and effective surface area was employed as an affinity array for the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase(HRP)and cancer cells.Based on the efficient inhibition effect of hydrogen sulfide on HRP catalytic activity,the proposed enzyme inhibition cyto-device could be applied for efficient recording of H2 S released from the cancer cells.(3)A stackable lab-on-paper cyto-device was designed and fabricated based on the principle of stacking.First,the gold nanoparticles layer was grown on the interwoven cellulose fibers network surface by a chemical growth method.Then,the corn-like zinc oxide nanorods arrays were grown on the gold nanoparticles surface via the hydrothermal method,which were further sensitized with low-toxicity photoelectrochemical active materials.The steric hindrance effect of DNA-cell bioconjugates and vanished co-sensitization effect resulted from the target-incduced allosteric switch of DNA hairpin-based aptamer probe produced the dual inhibition effect on the photocurrent.Based on the photocurrent attenuation,the sensitive detection of cancer cells was achieved.