| The red yeast rice dregs and Monascus mycelium residue are by-proudcts of the productive process.It is usually used as feed which is low add value.In order to broaden the utilization of Monascus residue,and increase productivity of Monascus pigment.The following research has been condcted.1.For better development and utitization of residue.The main components in the red yeast rice dregs were mensurated:the content of crude protein,crude fat,remanent color value were 9.10%,3.22%and 260u/g respectively.The main components of Monascus mycelium residue were determined:the content of protein,crude polysaccharide,crude fat and remanent color value were 39.54%,8.40%,5.23%,858u/g respectively.2.The characteristics of residual pigment are mainly alcohol-soluble pigment and easily absorbed to surface of protein.Firstly,residual Monascus pigments were hydrolyzed into water-soluble pigments by using alkali solution.Secondly,the boiling water bath heating can make denaturation of mycelium protein.Do it like this,the protein was hydrolyzed easily,and the pigments were released easily by protease hydrolysis.Thirdly,alkaline liquor was used to extracting pigment on the filter residue that was obtained by centrifugal.Finally,pigments were concentrated by adding acid solution into extracting solution that made solubility of pigment reduced and give a precipitate.3.The pigments were extracted by double enzyme hydrolysis.The pigments were released by protease hydrolysis.At same time,lipase was used to hydrolyze fat of extracting solution.The process of extracting pigments was optimized by using the single factor experiment and response surface.The following instructions were optimal conditions of the process.Firstly,soak the residue with 0.1%NaOH solution of four times volume of raw materials quality for 25 min.Secondly,the residue was heated for 18min by boiling water bath.Thirdly,enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were adjusted:the ratio of material to liquid,tempreture and ph were 1:8,44.8℃,6.53 respectively.Next,neutral protease and lipase were added to substrate,and the additive amount of this two kinds of enzymes was 105.6u,50u every gram of raw materials respectively.After two hours of hydrolysis,the filtrate and filter residue was obtained by Solid-liquid separation.Then,the pigments were extracted furtherly for two times with 0.1%NaOH solution of three times volume of raw materials quality on filter residue.After that,the pigments were concentrated by adding acid solution into extracting solution that made ph of solution to 3.5.Finally,the quotas of final product of this process were determined:yield,color value,relative extraction rate,the content of soluble sugar and protein were 25.20%,5354u/g,159%,26.50%,40.08%respectively.4.In view of Enzymatic hydrolysis can extract pigment fully.It was extended to the development of red yeast rice residue.This method can not only extracte pigment,but it also extract protein in residue.The quotas of final product were determined:yield,color value,relative extraction rate,the content of soluble sugar and protein were 6.32%,3022u/g,73.46%,9.5%,70.48%respectively.5.Industrial experiment was carried out to extract pigment of Monascus mycelium residue.The optimized process conditions were carried out and methods of Industrial production were utilized to extract pigment.The yield of the final product was 25.6%and colar value was 5317u/g.6.Monascus pigment and sample extracted by enzyme method were separated by thin-layer chromatography.With methanol as extracting solvents,benzene,ethyl acetate and formic acid(5:4:1 v/v)was used as developing solvent of self-made sample.In this condition,nine kinds of red pigment,one kind of yellow pigment and one kind of colorless fluorescent pigment were obtained.With methanol as extracting solvents,Monascus red pigment were separated by using benzene,ethyl acetate and formic acid(6:4:1.5 v/v)as developing solvent.In this condition,eleven kinds of red pigment,one kind of yellow pigment and one kind of colorless fluorescent pigment were obtained.The components of Monascus red pigment cannot be separated(Rf=0)with TLC,with methanol as extracting solvents,was separated by HPLC.The results showed that three peaks were on the HPLC chromatogram.Accordingly,at least there were three kinds of pigment in unseparated components of TLC.The separation results of TLC and HPLC indicted that there were greater than sixteen kinds of components in monascus pigment.7.The stability of Monascus red pigment and sample extracted by enzyme method were analysed.The test showed that the sample was better than Monascus red pigment in photostability and thermal stability. |
