Study On Botanical Fungicides Against The Major Diseases Of Camellia Oleifera

Camellia olifera is known as the dominating woody oil crop in China,which is mainly distributed in the south region and one of the four fomous woody oil species in the world.Camellia is of high economic value and social value,for its seed and by-products are so rich in a variety of active ingredients that its value of comprehensive utilization is high,and developing Camellia product is an important way of developing the rural economy.In recent years,however,Camellia diseases,especially Camellia oleifera anthracnose and Agaricodochium camellia are popular and the main Camellia pathogens,occurred frequently in the producing area,which hinder the healthy development of Camellia oleifera and the much use of its value.In this paper,plants has good antifungal action on control Camellia main diseases were screened from 13 tested plant extracts,and tested the antifungal action against Camellia main diseases of screened plant extracts,and developed botanical fungicides using the screened plant extracts.The main results are as follows:(1)Screening of effective fungistatic plants and optimization of their extraction methods.In the test of filter method of screening,Macleaya cordata and sasangua cake,with the diameter of inhibition zone of are more than 10 mm,had strong biological inhibitory activity on Camellia oleifera anthracnose and Agaricodochium camellia.Macleaya cordata's crude extract contained alkaloids,which inhibited two pathogenic fungus' growth.And sasangua cake's crude extract contained tea saponin,which inhibited two pathogenic fungus' growth.With the extracting rate of alkaloids as indexes,the optimal process of Macleaya cordata extraction was suing 85%ethanol solution to extract active ingredients 84h with the ratio is lg/8mL and the method of immersion at the room temperature.With the extracting rate of tea saponin as indexes,the optimal process of sasangua cake extraction was suing 55%ethanol solution to extract active ingredients 80h with the ratio is lg/14mL and the method of immersion at the room temperature.(2)The inhibition effects of botanical extracts and mixture against the main Camellia diseases.The median inhibitory concentration(EC50)of Macleaya cordata' crude extract against Colletotrichum fructicola,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides andAgaricodochium camellia were 16.67mg/mL,73.59mg/mL and 41.66mg/mL respectively.And the EC50 of sasangua cake' crude extract against Colletotrichum fructicola,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Agaricodochium camellia were 9.68mg/mL,18.69mg/mL and 27.41 mg/mL respectively.At the concentrate of 80mg/mL,the prevention effect of Macleaya cordata' crude extract and sasangua cake' crude extract against Colletotrichum fructicola,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Agaricodochium camellia on Camellia oleifera leaves in vitro were 82.87%,81.45%and 82.47%respectively,and the treatment effect were 76.50%,74.73%and79.79%respectively.And the prevention effect of sasangua cake' crude extract on Camellia oleifera leaves in vitro were 82.87%,81.45%and 82.47%respectively,the treatment effect were 76.50%,74.73%and 79.79%respectively.Only the mixture F2(Macleaya cordata:sasangua cake =3:1)had additive effect to control Colletotrichum fructicola and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.At the concentrate of 80mg/mL,the prevention and treatment effect of F2 on controlling Camellia oleifera anthracnose were 73.02%and 69.49%respectively,approached to inhibitory effect of Carbendazim.(2)Development of botanical pesticides to control the main disease of Camellia.After screening,we determined that Dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)was the best solvent and Twain 20 was the best emulsifier for developing Macleaya cordata emulsion and NP-40 was the best emulsifier for developing sasangua cake emulsion.The most preferred components of Macleaya cordata emulsion was B11:the crude plant extract accounted for 25%,the solvent DMSO and Twain 20 accounted for 67%and 8%respectively.The most preferred components of sasangua cake emulsion was C21:the crude plant extract accounted for 15%,the solvent DMSO and NP-40 accounted for 67%and 8%respectively.B11 and C21 had both good inhibitory activity in vitro and in vivo on Colletotrichum fructicola,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Agaricodochium camellia,which could reach more than 60%.F also had good inhibition activity on two kinds of anthrax bacteria,which showed a synergistic effect and could reach more than 65%.