Transgenerational Plasticity And Transcriptome Studies Of Xanthium Strumarium And X.sibiricum

Phenotypic plasticity helps plants increase the match between their phenotype and the environment,and it is one of the adaptation mechanisms of many invasive plants.Some of these phenotypes can be passed from"parents"to"children"to make them remember the current environment,thereby improving the children's ability to adapt to the environment.At present,studies have shown the existence of this"memory",but the molecular mechanism of intergenerational transmission of phenotypic plasticity to invasive plants is not very clear.In order to further explore the molecular mechanisms of intragenerational phenotypic plasticity and intergenerational plasticity in invasive plants,this experiment uses two self-pollinated cockleburs,the invasive species Xanthium strumarium L.and the local relative Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder as For the test materials,three generations of planting experiments were carried out,and low nutrient and low water treatment conditions were set.The high water and high nutrient contents were divided into the control group,and the intra-generation phenotypic plasticity of the two types of Xanthium was analyzed.Compare the second and third generations of two species of Xanthium under the same treatment?low moisture and low nutrient?to study the intergenerational transmission of their phenotypic plasticity.Use the Illumina Hi Seq_TM platform to sequence the transcriptome of the above-mentioned two kinds of intergenerational relationship between Xanthium xanthium and Xanthium,and establish a non-parameter transcriptome database,and combine the transcriptome data of Xanthium xanthii and Xanthium with protein database nr,GO,egg NOG,KEGG perform sequence alignment,function annotation and metabolic analysis,and analyze the differential expression of genes with low nutrient and low water and intergenerational low water and low nutrient transmission in xanthium and xanthium.The main findings are as follows:?1?Intragenerational plasticity.By analyzing the transcriptome data of Xanthium strumarium L and Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder of the same generation with different treatments,it is found that Xanthium strumarium L will cause more genes under the change of the environment of the same generation.To adapt to changes in the environment.Through GO enrichment analysis,it is found that it is mainly enriched in ribosomal subunits,translation,peptide biosynthesis process,organic nitrogen compound biosynthesis process,ribosomal structural components,amide biosynthesis process,structural molecular activity,cell macromolecular biology The synthesis process is related.KEGG enrichment analysis shows that Xanthium strumarium L is mainly enriched in processes such as oxidative phosphorylation,flavonoid biosynthesis,single-post biosynthesis,carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid metabolism and nitrogen metabolism..There are more differential genes enriched in the pathways of Xanthium strumarium,suggesting that these pathways may be powerful pathways for Xanthium strumarium L to adapt to invasion.?2?Analyzing and comparing the two types of Xanthium under the continuous low nutrient and low water treatments under different generations,that is,the comparison of intergenerational plasticity,it was found that Xanthium strumarium L had significantly higher changes in differential genes during the intergenerational transmission of low water.In Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder,the differential gene changes of Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder during the intergenerational transmission of low nutrients were significantly higher than that of the invasive species Xanthium strumarium L.It shows that Xanthium strumarium L is not higher than Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder under intergenerational transmission under all factors.Through GO enrichment analysis,it is found that Xanthium strumarium L is mainly enriched in phosphotransferase activity,alcohol group is receptor,protein kinase activity,kinase activity,cell protein modification process,protein modification process,phosphorus metabolism process and catalytic activity.Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder is mainly enriched in chlorophyll binding,photosynthesis,catalytic activity,metabolic process,chloroplast thylakoid membrane,plastid thylakoid membrane,transferase activity and metal ion binding.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that Xanthium strumarium L was enriched in MAPK signal transduction pathway-plant,plant pathogen interaction,photosynthesis-antenna protein,protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum.Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder is mainly enriched in photosynthesis,carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,phenylpropane biosynthesis,nitrogen metabolism,glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid metabolism,phenylalanine metabolism,keratin,serine And wax biosynthesis,flavonoid biosynthesis and other related pathways.It is suggested that these pathways will participate in the intergenerational transmission of Xanthium strumarium L and Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder in low nutrient and low moisture environments.This provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the molecular mechanisms of Xanthium strumarium L.and Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder's intragenerational plasticity and intergenerational plasticity,and is of great significance for future research on the adaptive evolution and invasion mechanisms of Xanthium strumarium L.