A Study Of Dental Calculus From Prehistoric Population In Northern China Based On Proteomics

It is well known that proteins are more difficult to degrade than nucleic acids due to their larger size and molecular structure.In recent years,mass spectrometry technologies including liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry have developed rapidly,and they are widely used in micro-trace detection in the field of proteomics.It is meaningful to apply proteomics to the reconstruction of ancient human diet.Dental calculus is of great significance as a source of information on oral health and diet.At present,some researches have restored milk protein in ancient dental calculus and proved that ?-lactoglobulin can be used as a biomarker for dairy product consumption.In this study,we mainly detected the protein information in dental calculus to reflect the dietary sources required by ancient human society,combined with archeological evidence,to determine changes in social life,and to explore the expansion of the dietary industry technology and its relationship with population migration.At present,most people believe that cultural dissemination and interaction are realized by cross-regional activities of people of different cultures,and these people's activities are mainly based on population migration and resource circulation.In archeological research,signs of cultural transmission can be observed,but it is difficult to answer whether it is due to the effects of population migration.In the study,two cemeteries were selected as the objects which are both representative in the types of population and region.The one is Houtaomuga Site in the Jilin Province and the other is the Qiafuqihai Site in Xinjiang Province.We will discuss the relationship between the spread of dairy processing technology and migration of people's lifestyles in this study.Proteomic analysis and genomic analysis of dental calculus of Houtaomuga population showed that the Houtaomuga population had been influenced by the agricultural civilization in the Western Liao River Basin in the Neolithic age.Based on archaeological evidence and multidisciplinary analysis,we infer that the process was probably driven by population culture,which led to the development of agriculture and the change of fauna.The successful identification of BLG protein in dental calculus of the Qiafuqihai population by proteomics technology fully indicates that milk consumption occurred in the Ili River basin in the Bronze Age and the fermentation technology of horse milk was extremely mature.Two examples show that the optimization of protein extraction technology and the rational application of mass spectrometry technology can obtain more information about the lifestyle of prehistoric people.Meanwhile,the comprehensive analysis and discussion of multi-disciplinary results are of great significance to the study of regional populations and cultures.