| The mating system has always been one of the core issues in the field of animal ecology.The mating system can also provide guidance for the protection of endangered animals and the control of sterility of harmful animals.Therefore,the study of the mating system has been concerned by scholars.However,it is generally believed that there are two kinds of mating system: Social mating system and Genetic mating system.Social mating systems are measured by the time it takes animals to move in pairs or groups,while genetic mating systems are measured by the actual genetic consequences of mating.Current biology has shown that there are often huge differences between social and genetic mating system.Therefore,it is of great practical value to study the genetic mating system.The rapid development of microsatellite loci has provided geneticists with an unmatched set of molecular tools for studying genetic mating systems in animals due to their high levels of polymorphism and variability.Midday gerbil belongs to Rodentia,Cricetidae,Gerbillinae,Meriones,commonly known as sand mice or yellow mice.As a pest of agriculture and animal husbandry in the desert areas of northwest China,the midday gerbils have strong adaptability,wide distribution,strong dependence on the environment,great harm to desert plants and sand fixation,and are one of the hosts of plague natural foci.Therefore,it is urgent to control the midday gerbils.It is a safe and reliable way to control the sterility of harmful mice,and the mating system will affect the effect of sterility control.Therefore,from 2018 to 2019,seven highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were used in this study to explore the genetic mating system of midday gerbils in minqin desert,providing direct genetic evidence for the establishment of the genetic mating system of midday gerbils for the first time.The main conclusions are as follows:1.Results of captured: a total of 141 midday gerbils were captured in 2018 and 2019,including 63 females and 78 males,with a male-female ratio of 0.8:1.In 2018,55 midday gerbils were captured,with a male-female ratio of 0.67:1.In 2019,86 midday gerbils were captured,with a male-female ratio of 0.91:1.2.Screening results of microsatellite loci and their polymorphism verification: a total of 8 pairs of highly polymorphic loci were screened,respectively:AF200939.1,AF200940.1,AF200941.1,AF200942.1,AF200944.1,AF200945.1,AF200946.1,and AF200947.1.However,the frequency of the Null allele of loci AF200945.1 was greater than 0.2,so the loci was excluded.The remaining 7 locus were used to amplify the midday gerbils captured in 2018.Alleles K from 10 to 23,and the average number of alleles was 15.Polymorphic information content from 0.848 to 0.925,and mean value is 0.8851;The observed heterozygosity(Ho)from 0.618 to 0.945,with an average value of 0.8201.Expected heterozygosity(HE)from 0.868 to 0.938,mean value is 0.9021;Heterozygosity is higher.The Null allele frequency F(Null)is extremely low,with an average value of 0.0583.The cumulative parental exclusion probability of 7 loci was greater than 99.99%.locus AF200939.1 and AF200944.1 deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.7 locus were used to amplify meridional gerbils captured in 2019.The average number of alleles was 18.143.Polymorphic information content PIC from 0.859 to 0.904,mean value is 0.8858;The heterozygosity(Ho)from 0.724 to 0.862,with an average value of 0.7686.Expected heterozygosity(HE)from 0.876 to 0.916,mean value is 0.8999;Heterozygosity is Higher.The Null allele frequency F(Null)is extremely low,with an average value of 0.0788.The cumulative parental exclusion probability of 7 locus was greater than 99.99%.Locus AF200940.1,AF200944.1 and AF200946.1 deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The results showed that the 7 microsatellite locus could be used to study the population genetics of midday gerbils.3.Parental identification results: in the captured gerbils in 2018,10 families were identified,including 9 mother-childr pairs with an average coefficient of relatedness(r)of 0.44(0.35-0.68)and 11 father-child pairs with an average coefficient of relatedness(r)of 0.41(0.34-0.50).In the gerbil captured in 2019,18 families were identified,including 20 mother-child pairs with an average coefficient of relatedness(r)of 0.46(0.35-0.59)and 19 father-child pairs with an average coefficient of relatedness(r)of 0.50(0.37-0.83).4.Determination results of the mating system: there were three kind of mating systems in the gerbils captured in 2018 and 2019: Monogamy(20 groups),Polyandry(5 groups),Polygyny(4 groups).Therefore,there are many genetic mating systems in the population of Midday gerbil possibly.in which Monogamy is dominant. |
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