Taxonomic Status And Integrative Taxonomy Of Sinocyrtaspis

The genus Sinocyrtaspis Liu,2000 belongs to the tribe Meconematini Burmeister,1838 of subfamily Meconematinae Burmeister,1838.To date,the tribe Meconematini is recorded about 98 genera more than 670 species around the world,of which 41 genera and more than 460 species are recorded from China.Sinocyrtaspis was the brachypterous genus,and there are 19 genera and 92 speices recorded from China,including 13 genera and 53 species are endemic to Chian.The first of this study explores the taxonomic status of the genus Sinocyrtaspis based on two mitochondrial genes as well as one nuclear DNA sequence with 18 genera and 42 brachypterous species from China using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood.Then,the Sinocyrtaspis species is defined by molecular definition,male acoustics and morphological characters.In addition,combined with Ecological niche modeling,the divergence time,the ancestral geographical range and the diversification rate of the genus Sinocyrtaspis are analyzed in order to understand the speciation processes and responses to climate change of this genus.The conclusions of this study are as follows:1.The phylogenetic relationships of Sinocyrtaspis and related genera indicate the monophyly of the genera Crytopsis and Doicholobosa is supported while the genera Sinocyrtaspis,Paracosmetura,Pseudocosmetura,Acosmetura and Phlugiolopsis are not monophyletic;the Paracosmetura species are transferred to the genus Sinocyrtaspis;based on the phylogenetic relationships and the results of morphological taxonomy,some new taxa of the subfamily Meconematniae are reported,including five new genera,eleven new species,three new combinations and one new synonym(Sinocyrtaspis Liu,2000 = Paracosmetura Liu,2000 syn.nov.).2.Molecular species delimitation analyses divide Sinocyrtaspis species into 10 OTUs.Besides S.truncata and S.cryptocerca,the time domain of the male calling songs of this genus is somewhat similar.At the same time,the generic diagnosis of the genus Sinocyrtaspis is revised,the key to the species(male)as well as morphological photographs are provided,and three new species and one new statement are reported.3.The interspecific relationships of Sinocyrtaspis shows S.truncata is the earliest lineage of this genus.Its differences are also reflected in morphology and male acoustics.Two species have similar morphological characters but phylogenetic relationships are far away from each other suggested exist convergent evolution.4.The speciation events in Sinocyrtaspis occurred mostly from late Miocene to the early Pliocene(8.71–4.40 Ma).The ancestral species are most likely to be distributed in northeastern mountainous regions of Guangxi,then dispread to the southern mountainous regions of Hunan through Yuechengling Mountains.Subsequently,two dispersal routes occurred,and the final destinations are in eastern China,which are slightly humid.The speciation times of this genus is COIncided to the times of uplift of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,the strengthen of Asian monsoon and temperature change in Late Miocene which indicating temperature and drought play an important role in speciation of this genus.5.Hunan province was the Ice age shelter of the genus Sinocyrtaspis during LGM.In year 2070(RCP 8.5),temperature rises may cause the species of this genus to migrate to high latitudes or to change vertically along altitudes in mountainous areas;the species locked in the “sky islands” will promote their differentiation and may also cause the extinction.