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Pollution Characteristics Of Polyhalogenated Carbazoles And Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers In Surface Sediment From Different Bays

Posted on:2020-10-25Degree:MasterType:Thesis
Country:ChinaCandidate:Y QiuFull Text:PDF
GTID:2370330623952862Subject:Science of Marine Biology and Biotechnology
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
Polyhalogenated carbazoles(PHCZs)represent an emerging class of environmental pollutants widely used in dyes,biomedical and optoelectronic materials.Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)have been manufactured and applied as flame retardants in a large variety of consumer products,such as electrical and plastic enclosures,furniture,and textiles.Both groups of chemicals exhibit persistent,bioaccumulative and toxic characteristics,thus receiving mounting concerns on their environmental occurrences and potential impacts on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.Therefore,this paper studies the content distribution and material composition of PHCZs and PBDEs in different sea areas,and tries to find the characteristics of these two types of persistent environmental pollution,so as to further understand their environmental distribution and composition.This study aims to understand the occurrence and distributions of PHCZs in surface sediment from multiple locations in China and the United States(U.S.),including the Sanmen Bay of Zhejiang Province,Xiamen Bay of Fujian Province,and the Chesapeake Bay and Gulf of Mexico from U.S.PBDEs were also determined in surface sediment of Sanmen Bay and Xiamen Bay.Main conclusions are listed below.PHCZs exhibited a universal occurrence in the studied aquatic systems.Concentrations of?PHCZs in Sanmen Bay,Xiamen Bay,Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico range from 10.5 to 20.5 ng/g dw(median 13.4 ng/gdw),1.0 to 38.3 ng/g dw(median 6.9 ng/g dw),2.1 to 34.9 ng/g dw(median 11.1 ng/g dw)and 5.91-22.6 ng/g dw(median 16.0 ng/g dw),respectively.Composition profiles of PHCZ congeners exhibited differences between locations.The 3,6-dichlorocarbazole exhibited a dominance over other congeners in Sanmen Bay and the Gulf of Mexico,while in Xiamen Bay and Chesapeake Bay the 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole appeared to be the most abundant congener.Concentrations of ?PBDEs in surface sediment from Sanmen Bay and Xiamen Bay were 3.0-82.4 ng/g dw(median 5.7 ng/g dw)and 7.9– 276 ng/g dw(median 43.5 ng/g dw),respectively.BDE-209 is the most abundant congener,ranging from 1.2 to 74.6 ng/g dw(median 3.2 ng/g dw)and 4.9 to 255 ng/g dw(median 38.7 ng/g dw),respectively.In both locations,a decreasing trend from nearshore to outer Bay sites was observed for PBDE concentration,demonstrating the anthropogenic input from coastal regions.Our study is the first time to compare the levels of PHCZs in China and the United States.The results confirm the pollution characteristics of PHCZs in the four bays from China and the United States,and enrich the amount of research about PHCZs in marine sediments at home and abroad.In addition,by analyzing the distribution of PBDEs in domestic bays,the research status of domestic PBDEs is further supplemented,and more evidence is provided for the research of PBDEs in environmental distribution and source analysis.
Keywords/Search Tags:Polyhalogenated carbazoles(PHCZs), Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs), Sediment, Pollution characteristics, Sanmen Bay, Xiamen Bay, Chesapeake Bay, Gulf of Mexico
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