Contamination Characteristics And Risk Assessment Of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers In The North Pacific Ocean

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)are a group of persistent toxic chemical pollutants worldwide.They are widely used in electronics,plastics,vehicles,etc.due to their special thermal stability,efficient flame retardancy and low price.Furniture and many other industrial fields,but the environmental problems caused by it are receiving great attention.As the main sink of such pollutants,the ocean has become a hot research topic today.The North Pacific Ocean is vast and has the world's largest fishing ground(Hokkaido Fisheries).It has a unique geographical location and important economic value However,many developed and developing countries near the coast have dense populations,developed industries,and numerous pollution sources.The use and emissions of PBDEs are large,which makes the pollution of PBDEs in this area increasingly serious.At present,limited by funding and sampling technical conditions,PBDEs in the North Pacific waters lack a wide range of pollution data reports,and their ecological and health risks are unclear.In this paper,we use the collected pollution data of PBDEs in the atmosphere,water,sediments and organisms in the 30 countries and seas of the North Pacific and its coastal areas and multi-factor data that affect the difference in the distribution of pollutants to establish the concentration of PBDEs in the North Pacific unknown sea The analysis model,taking Hokkaido squid samples as an example,analyzed the measured pollution content of PBDEs in the body through laboratory research to verify and further improve the pollution prediction model of PBDEs.According to the risk quotient(RQ),respiratory inhalation exposure model(Exposure inhalation,EI),carcinogenic risk(CRI)and non-carcinogenic(Exposure risk,ERI)risk assessment methods,the four environmental media in Hokkaido fishing grounds The risk level of PBDEs in China is evaluated and compared with the risk level of other sea areas.The main results obtained are as follows:(1)Statistics show that the concentrations of PBDEs in the atmosphere,waterbodies,sediments,and organisms in the North Pacific Ocean in the past ten years were 0.14-896 pg·m-3,3-4360 pg·L-1,0.24-7397.70 ng·g-1 dry weight and 0.56-3930 ng·g-1 lipid weight.In general,the PBDEs pollution range in the four types of environments shows the spatial distribution characteristics of nearshore>ocean or low latitudes>high latitudes,and the PBDEs homologous in different media on both sides of the ocean are different.Most of the west bank is dominated by highly brominated PBDEs.Most of the homologues of low-bromine PBDEs are found on the east coast.(2)Single-factor linear analysis found that the 9 impact factors analyzed had a linear correlation with the concentration of PBDEs,but the impact levels were different.The socio-economic factors(GDP level,population,shipping busyness,and number of sewage outlets)The impact of pollution on PBDEs in various environments in the North Pacific Ocean is generally higher than natural factors(distance,annual precipitation,annual runoff,temperature,and ocean current).(3)A comprehensive prediction model for the concentration of PBDEs in four environments in the North Pacific Ocean was constructed with multiple influence factors.The correlation coefficient R2value is between 0.83-0.99,and the P value was less than 0.05,which met the statistical requirements and had certain reliability.The multivariate linear regression analysis model was used to predict the pollution content of PBDEs in Hokkaido fishing grounds.The results showed that the concentration range of Hokkaido fishing grounds in the atmosphere,water,sediments and organisms were 6.72-44.22 pg·m-3,36.05-167.11 pg·L-1,2.02-665.12 ng·g-1 dry weight and 16.21-180.17 ng·g-1 lipid weight.Principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis are used to construct a fitting model.The correlation coefficient R2 value is between 0.80-0.99,and the P value is less than 0.05.It is predicted that the concentration range in the atmosphere,water,sediment and organisms of Hokkaido fishing grounds will be:8.08-82.69 pg·m-3,57.05-320.07 pg·L-1,0.36-483.56 ng·g-1 dry weight and 10.79-234.98 ng·g-1 lipid weight.(4)The experimental study of PBDEs pollution in squid in Hokkaido fishing grounds showed that the measured content of ?6PBDEs ranged from 0.71-43.91 ng·g-1 lipid weight,with an average concentration of 15.82 ng·g-1 lipid weight,of which BDE-47 is the main homologue with a concentration of 0.45-24.33 ng·g-1 lipid weight,average 5.46 ng·g-1 lipid weight.The difference from the predicted concentration of EPBDEs in this marine organism is within an order of magnitude,indicating that the model can be used to predict the enrichment of PBDEs in organisms in the North Pacific Ocean.Health risk assessment shows that the levels of PBDEs pollution in squid tissues in Hokkaido fishing grounds and nearby seas are currently low,without carcinogenic risk(CRI<1×10-6)and chronic toxicity effects(ERI<1),but CRI and ERI values All showed the characteristics of liver>stomach>muscle.(5)Compared with the risk levels of other sea,it is found that the sediments of Laizhou Bay,the Pearl River Estuary and the South China Sea have low ecological risks(0.01<RQ<0.1),and the water bodies and sediments of Hokkaido and other sea areas have no ecological risks for the time being;only the atmosphere and organisms There are risks in certain populations and regions.For example,infants and young children are exposed to PBDEs in the atmosphere through breathing,and women consume low-risk carcinogenic(10-6<CRI<10-4)risks from seafood in areas such as San Francisco Bay and Hawaii.There are no health risks in Hokkaido andother sea areas.In summary,this paper systematically analyzes the current status and characteristics of PBDEs pollution in the North Pacific waters,assesses the risk levels of PBDEs in the four media in the sea area,builds a prediction model of PBDEs pollution concentrations,and uses biological samples from Hokkaido fishing farms as examples to develop PBDEs The analysis and research have verified the reliability of the PBDEs pollution prediction model in organisms.It has certain application value in the future research on pollution of PBDEs in the North Pacific waters,marine pollution safety and food public health event warning.