Identification And Evolution Studies Of MADS-box Gene Family Related To Jute,Yam And Narrow Lupin Flowering

Flowering is an important stage of life cycle of higher plants,which is critical to seed formation and genetic information inheritance.As a result,studying the molecular mechanisms of flowering will benefit plant breeding and agriculture.Plant flowering is controlled by environmental and internal conditions.Studies show the flowering of Arabidopsis is regulated by photoperiod pathway,autonomous pathway,vernalization pathway and gibberellin pathway.These pathways construct a complicated network to control the flowering precisely.Lots of regulatory factors participate in this network.MADS-box transcription factor is a large family which takes part in flowering and floral organ development.The members of MADS-box family mainly function in ABC model and control the flowering time.However,members of this family are not identified in all species.Some species whose genomes have been assembled are still lack of identification of MADS-box genes.In this study,we chose 34 species with genome data,among which 31 species have MADS-box included in ensemble database,and aimed to identify MADS-box genes in Corchorus capsularis,Dioscorea rotundata,and Lupinus angustifolius whose genomes were available in ensemble database but absent in PlantTFDB.We used the genome of Amborella trichopoda which was annotated in PlantTFDB as quality control.Using Arabidopsis sequences as a seed,there were 36,44 and 32 MADS-box genes identified via domain and sequence blast in Corchorus capsularis,Dioscorea rotundata,and Lupinus angustifolius,respectively.We constructed a phylogenetic tree using MADS-box genes in the three newly identified Corchorus capsularis,Dioscorea rotundata,Lupinus angustifolius and the control Amborella trichopoda.We used the subtype classification criteria in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to further elucidate the observed copy number variation.We observed a loss of one subtype in these three newly characterized species.We analyzed the synteny of MADS-box genes in four legume species,Lupinus angustifolius,Glycine max,Phaseolus vulgaris,Medicago truncatula,and inferred that the significantly reduced copy number of MADS-box genes in Lupinus angustifolius could be related to the lack one whole genome duplication event.We further analyzed the phylogeny and localization of MADS-box genes on chromosomes of Dioscorea rotundata and Lupinus angustifolius whose genomes were assembled to chromosomal level.We found most Type I MADS-box genes had only one exon,while most Type II genes experienced a higher selection pressure and had multiple exons Transciptome analysis indicated high expression levels for almost all MADS-box genes upon flowering in Dioscorea rotundata.We also analyzed and enriched MADS-box gene functions in these 34 species,These results reveal the distribution of MADS-box transcription factors in different species and clarify the characters of MADS-box genes in these three plants.It will be the foundation for the further flowering control study in these three species.