Thermal Comfort Differences Between Local And Foreign Tourists In Severely Cold City

Regional thermal comfort information could satisfy the traveling psychology of tourists and enhance the comfort experience of them,therefore,it is necessary to explore thermal comfort of tourists in tourist spots.Influenced by psychological expectations and other factors,there are outdoor thermal comfort differences between local and foreign tourists,so thermal comfort conditions of local and foreign tourists ought to be discussed respectively,which could provide references for travellers from differnet areas as well as design and evaluation of thermal environment in tourist spots;In addition,outdoor thermal comfort differs by different locations,studies on tourists' thermal comfort differences were often taken place in humid and hot,dry and hot climate conditions,few comparative researches concentrated on outdoor thermal comfort differences between local and foreign tourists based on the climate characteristics in severely cold region.In this study,meteorological parameters measurements and questionnaires surveys were conducted in several hot tourist spots in the summer and winter of Harbin.Combined with the results of measurements and questionnaires,the relationship between psychological and physical adaptability(amount of clothing?activity level)factors and subjective and objective influencing variables?correlation curves between subjective thermal comfort perceptions of local and foreign tourists were compared;Three subjective evaluation indicators(thermal sensation,thermal comfort and thermal satisfaction)were selected as quantitative criteria,differences of multi-dimensional thermal comfort perceptions between local and foreign tourists were analyzed based on three common thermal comfort evaluation indicators(PET,UTCI,SET*),which is expected to provide guideline for tourists and planners of urban tourist spots in severely cold region.Based on the results of thermal preference votes,in summer,solar radiation preference of local tourists was more sensitive to the change of thermal environment,while temperature preference of foreign tourists was more affected by thermal environment,when thermal environment became hotter,local tourists expected more on lower solar radiation,foreign tourists preferred more on lower temperature.In winter,local tourists expected more on higher temperature and solar radiation than foreign tourists;According to the results of relevance between subjective adaptive factors,when thermal sensation vote increased in summer,the thermal comfort and thermal satisfaction level of foreign tourists declined significantly,while those of local tourists decreased relatively slowly;As thermal sensation vote became lower in winter,thermal comfort experience of foreign tourists dropped significantly,thermal satisfaction level of local tourists would be greatly reduced.According to the results of relationships between multi-dimensional thermal comfort perceptions and thermal comfort evaluation indexes.In both summer and winter,the thermal sensation scales of foreign tourists were lower than those of local tourists;In summer,good linear relationships were found between thermal comfort evaluation indexes and thermal comfort?thermal satisfaction votes of local tourists,while good second-order polynomial relationships for foreign tourists.Under the same thermal environment,thermal comfort and satisfaction experiences of foreign tourists were better than those of local tourists,which could be related to factors such as regional thermal comfort of foreign tourists;In winter,there were good linear relationships between local tourists' thermal comfort ?satisfaction votes and thermal comfort evaluation indexes in winter,however,these for foreign tourists were both second-order polynomial ones,thermal comfort and thermal satisfaction level of foreign tourists reached its peak when PET was-10 ? and-16 ?,respectively.When the thermal environment became colder,tourists' thermal comfort experience became worse,as a result,their satisfaction level decreased;Warmer thermal environment deviated from the psychological expectations of foreign tourists in winter,this led to thermal comfort and satisfaction level of them both declined significantly.