The Thermodynamic Discussion Of Black Hole

As the two pillars of modern physics,the theory of relativity was proposed by Einstein after years of thinking and summarizing.The theory of relativity describes another time and space view that is different from the world of classic physics.In the study of general relativity,there are opinions that generalized mass and inertial mass are consistent,some have re-explained the fundamental reason why planets do circular motion,and some have re-explained why and how matter moves.As one of its important products,the black hole is an important progress and symbol of people’s understanding of the nature of gravity in recent decades.At the same time,its occurrence is accompanied by a variety of effects,such as dragging effects,spontaneous radiation,and super radiation.When we first learned about black holes,because of their strong gravitation,they believed that they only absorbed and did not radiate matter,so black holes were “black”.In the mid-20 th century,scientists discovered with W.Israel and B.Carter,any The nature of a black hole can be determined by its three physical quantities: mass,angular momentum,and the charge it carries.Because in the process of gravitational collapse,physical quantities describing other properties are lost.Later,according to the theory of black holes absorbing all matter,physicist Wheeler proposed that when an object is absorbed by a black hole,the entropy of the object no longer exists,that is,the entropy of the entire system becomes zero.This is contrary to the second law of thermodynamics.Later,Beckenstein continued to study and proposed that black holes should have an entropy proportional to the area of their horizon.However,this coefficient was not yet resolved by Beckenstein until Hawking proposed the Hawking radiation of black holes in 1974 and combined the entropy of black holes with The unification of thermodynamics forms the second law of black hole thermodynamics.Hawking believes that black holes are not all black.It radiates matter outward in the form of thermal radiation,and emphasizes that the acceleration of gravity on the surface of black holes will affect the radiation temperature of black holes.After Hawking’s Hawking radiation came out,its physical meaning was obvious.It made people discover quantum mechanics,and the theory of relativity and thermodynamics were linked by the thermodynamics of black holes to achieve unity and consistency.The writing of this article is mainly divided into four parts to reproduce this historical development process.The first part is from the understanding of special relativity to the basis of general relativity,and then to the study of black holes.In the description of black holes,the general description of Schwarzschild black holes is emphasized.Solution,properties of RN black holes,general properties of Kerr black holes and simple line elements,and introduction of KN black holes.The second part introduces the basic properties of black holes,mainly non-thermal effects,such as dragging effects,super-radiation and other processes,and has a basic understanding of the non-thermal properties of black holes.Since the black hole has temperature and entropy,the third Part reviews the black hole’s hairless theorem,area theorem and Hawking radiation,and then compares the general laws of thermodynamics to summarize the four laws of black hole thermodynamics.The last part discusses the thermodynamic properties of AdS black holes in phase space,mainly for the thermodynamic properties of RN-AdS black holes and Kerr-AdS black holes.In this part,the formula derivation and image analogy are used to introduce Joule-Tom Coefficient,calculate the critical value and inversion temperature,and draw the inversion curve and isenthalpic curve of the RN-AdS black hole and Kerr-AdS black hole in the TP plane,and determine the cooling by the isenthalpic curve and the inversion curve The area and the heating area,analogous to the van der Waals fluid,summarize the similarities and differences of three different objects,which have a certain reference significance for the thermodynamics of the entire black hole.