Research About Matter Effects And Coherent Effect Of Neutrinos Produced From Gamma Ray Bursts

Gamma-ray bursts(GRB)is a burst of gamma rays in a short time at cosmological distance,and the photon energy that can be detected is up to the order of GeV.After the first detection of a gamma storm in the 1960s,researchers have developed and maintained a strong research interest in it.Gamma burst cosmology came into being,so some gamma radiation models have been proposed successively Relativistic hot fireball model,magnetic jet model,internal shock model,etc.As a high-energy,non-thermal photon emitter,GRB is also considered to be an effective cosmic ray accelerator.And GRB has multiple emission points,which can accelerate protons,and these same positions are usually filled with photons.Due to the high density of the ejecta,the p?interaction has a high optical thickness,resulting in a large amount of ?+.The ?+decay and the subsequent ?+ decay produce neutrinos(v? and ve)and anti-neutrinos(v?).Another important neutrino production mechanism is hadron collisions,including pp and pn processes.GRB can produce high-energy neutrino(Eu>1012 eV)radiation.The theory of neutrinos has been fully confirmed so far.Based on the long baseline and short baseline earth experiments,the hybrid angle was measured with high precision.The experiment observed three generations of neutrinos.The oscillation between the sub.The neutrino phenomenon of the sun and the atmosphere can be well explained according to the measured value.Now people turn their attention to the cosmic neutrino,which is known to be a unique messenger,providing us with valuable information about the nature of super-large objects,supernova explosions and even the structure of the early universe.The neutrinos produced by the fusion of the core of the star can carry the original information inside the star,which is of vital importance for people to understand the energy generation and evolution of the star.However,unlike the situation of propagation in a vacuum,the stellar core has a large density of matter,and the interaction between neutrinos and matter is not negligible,which will also affect the oscillation behavior of neutrinos in matter.The earliest research on the oscillation behavior of neutrinos in matter was the American physicist Wolfenstein,who proposed in 1978 to use the effective potential energy in the Hamiltonian to describe the interaction of neutrinos in matter.From the material effect,the effective potential in the material and its evolution equation are obtained,and the famous Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein(MSW)effect,the resonance oscillation mechanism,is obtained.Wolfenstein pointed out that when discussing the propagation of neutrino beams in matter,the forward coherent scattering effect of neutrinos and electrons,protons and neutrons in matter must be considered,because such reactions will change the vacuum oscillation of neutrinos behavior.He particularly emphasized that even if neutrinos have no mass,they will oscillate when they propagate in matter.The prerequisite is that there is an off-diagonal term for the interaction between the neutrino and the weak neutral flow of matter.The neutrinos are linked,resulting in a taste conversion effect[1].The active taste neutrinos propagating in matter,its evolution equation is affected by the effective potential of coherent interaction with the medium,that is,the coherent effect is generated by the coherent forward elastic weak-action zone current(CC)and neutral flow(NC)scattering.Knowing the taste ratio and average survival probability during neutrino oscillation is helpful to obtain information about neutrino oscillation parameters or neutrino source.We studied the propagation of neutrinos in a flat space-time and calculated the average survival probability.In the fireball model,we only need to consider the two flavors of neutrinos(ve,v?),and plotted the average survival probability and flavor ratio and neutrino energy,respectively.The relationship between the graphs,if the neutrino energy is high enough,the crossover probability will be close to cos2 ?.Under such high energy limit,the minimum value of the average survival probability is the resonance point,which is equal to 0.5;If the flavor ratio is R0?1:1,the size of the initial flavor ratio will affect the size of the peak curve.Since LIGO announced the detection of the black hole gravitational wave signal on February 11,2016,the research of gravitational wave and its related fields has entered an unprecedented prosperity period,opening a new era of gravitational wave cosmology research.The discovery of gravitational waves will open a new window for observing the universe,and will promote the further development of dark matter and dark energy,black hole physics,early universe,perturbation theory,holographic principles,etc.;it is also the beginning of examining the nature of space-time and establishing quantum gravity theory.Subsequently,the successful detection of the combined gravitational waves of double neutron stars and their accompanying electromagnetic waves signals the advent of a new era of multi-messenger astronomy and will form the solution to the origin of short GRB,the source of superheavy elements in the universe,and Kilo nova Important cosmological and astronomical issues such as process play an extremely important role.Multi-messenger astronomy is a discipline that uses two or more methods of electromagnetic waves,gravitational waves,neutrinos,and cosmic rays to observe celestial bodies.In this article we considered a gravitational lens,which is located between a GRB source and an observer,but deviated from the line connecting the two.The neutrinos emitted from the GRB source can travel along two different paths,and their appropriate distances are different,thereby generating quantum interference at the detector and generating a gravitational lens effect.The gravitational field considered in this paper is the gravitational field of a non-rotating spherically symmetric object described by the Schwarzschild metric.We assume that neutrinos are relativistic,so plane wave analysis can be applied.In the curved space-time,we studied the propagation of neutrinos and calculated the average survival probability,which depends on both the square difference of neutrino mass and the sum of squares of neutrino mass.Therefore,the coherence effect of strong lens neutrinos can determine the quality of neutrinos,so it is feasible to use strong lens neutrinos to determine the quality of neutrinos.The relationship between the average survival probability and the neutrino energy in the mass of the neutrino decay is also plotted in the normal hierarchical case and inverted hierarchical case.In the normal hierarchical case?m(?)?m2 and the average survival probability Pee is controlled by a single wavenumber ?m2/4E;in inverted hierarchical case ?m2<<?m2 and Pee evolve into a wave packet.