| Wetland is one of the three major ecosystems in the world.It is known as“the kidney of the earth”and“the birthplace of human civilization.”Environmental landscaping and other aspects play an indispensable role.However,in recent years,due to various factors such as human activities and climate change,a series of problems have occurred in some wetlands,such as blocked water ecological processes,area shrinkage,functional decline,fragile ecological environment,and reduced species diversity.The Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation.In September 2019,General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the symposium on“ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin”that we must always adhere to water and measure water,and strive to strengthen ecological protection and governance so that the Yellow River can be a happiness for the people River.The Sanmenxia Reservoir Wetland is located at the junction of Henan,Shaanxi,and Shanxi Provinces,and is in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.Affected by the operation of the Sanmenxia Reservoir and the movement of water and sediment in the Yellow River,various wetlands including river wetlands,beaches,ponds,and lake wetlands have been formed.Wetland types have important functions such as regulating runoff,purifying water quality,and beautifying the environment.This paper divides the wetland in the Sanmenxia Reservoir Area into a research area,uses the remote sensing image inversion data system to analyze the evolution characteristics of wetland types,uses the ecological function method to estimate the ecological environment water demand of the wetland in the reservoir area,and combines the results of the wetland ecological service function value estimation in the Sanmenxia Reservoir Area.The effectiveness of water resources utilization in the study area was evaluated in order to provide scientific basis for the wetland ecological protection and water resources management in the Sanmenxia Reservoir Area.The main research contents and results of the paper are as follows:(1)Using the remote sensing image data of the wetland in the Sanmenxia Reservoir Area,using 3S technology to analyze the inter-annual change characteristics of wetland cover information from 1979 to 2017 and the annual change characteristics in 2017,and to study the wetland evolution characteristics of the Sanmenxia Reservoir Area.The results show that from 1979 to 2017,the area of forest land,lake ponds and swamp wetlands did not change much,the area of construction land showed a steady growth trend,the area of river wetlands showed a decreasing trend,and the total area of tidal flat wetlands and wetlands showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing.The area increased first and then decreased.In 2017,the area of river wetlands and lake pond wetlands in the Sanmenxia Reservoir Area decreased first and then increased during the year.The area of tidal wetlands increased first and then decreased.The total wetland area decreased first and then increased,and the cultivated land area increased and then decreased.The change trend during the year is closely related to the operation mode of Sanmenxia Reservoir.(2)Based on the wetland eco-environment service function of the Sanmenxia Reservoir Area,the wetland eco-environmental water demand of the Sanmenxia Reservoir Area was estimated from two aspects,namely,the consumption of eco-environmental water demand and the non-consumptive eco-environmental water demand,and the wetlands of the Sanmenxia Reservoir Area were studied.Eco-environmental water demand process monthly.The results show that:under the condition of multi-year average precipitation,the total water demand of the wetland eco-environment in the Sanmenxia Reservoir Area is 16.705 billion m~3,and the annual water demand process ranges from 942 to 294 million m3.(3)Based on the supporting effect of wetland ecological environment water demand on ecological service functions,a coupling relationship between wetland ecological environment water demand and ecological service function in Sanmenxia Reservoir Area was established,combined with the results of wetland ecological service function value evaluation in Sanmenxia Reservoir Area,and scientific evaluation The utilization effects of various types of eco-environmental water,consumptive eco-environmental water demand,non-consumptive eco-environmental water demand,and total eco-environmental water demand utilization in the wetlands of the Sanmenxia Reservoir Area were discussed.The research results show that:Sanmenxia Reservoir wetland landscape water conservation and recreational water demand utilization are higher,which are 19.87 yuan/m~3and 6.47 yuan/m~3,respectively.Sanmenxia Reservoir wetland has lower water use efficiency to maintain self-purification capacity of water bodies.It is 0.01 yuan/m~3.This study can provide a theoretical basis and scientific basis for ecological protection and restoration of wetlands in the Sanmenxia Reservoir Area. |
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