Study On Spatio-Temporal Difference Of Water Resources Pressure And Its Influencing Factors In Chongqing

Water resources are an indispensable important resource for economic and social development and a supporting factor for human survival and development.Under the condition that the total amount of water resources is fixed,on the one hand,the supply of water resources is affected by geographic location,on the other hand,the growing population and the rapid development of society and economy have increased the demand for water resources and deepened the regional water resources problems,so that the development and utilization of water resources and the supply volume have largely determined the development level of the region.As an important city in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and an important modern manufacturing base of the country,Chongqing has a large number of people and less land,a prominent contradiction between people and land,and a large demand for water resources.In addition,the extensive development of karst landforms in Chongqing greatly reduces the utilization rate of regional water resources,making the utilization gap of water resources large.As an important index to characterize the regional water shortage,water resource pressure is often used to analyze regional water resource situation and sustainable utilization.Therefore,based on the theory of water resource pressure,this paper constructs a comprehensive water resource pressure model from the three subsystems of population,economy and ecology,and makes a comprehensive analysis of the water resources pressure in Chongqing from 2003 to 2016 in terms of time and space.On the basis of water resource pressure,12 indicators,such as precipitation,urban water penetration rate and sewage treatment rate,are selected from the three aspects of water resource environment,social economy and ecological environment and the main influencing factors of water resources pressure in Chongqing are obtained by using typical correlation analysis.According to local conditions,put forward suggestions to reduce regional water resources pressure.The main results are as follows:(1)From 2003 to 2016,the population pressure and ecological pressure of water resources in Chongqing are affected by the interannual variation of precipitation,showing the development trend of "M" type,and the population pressure index is larger than the ecological pressure index,but there is no water resources population and ecological pressure,the average values are-0.82 and-1.98 over the years,respectively.The economic pressure of water resources shows a decreasing trend year by year,and there is no economic pressure of water resources in Chongqing after2009.Due to the continuous decrease of economic pressure index of water resources and the absence of ecological pressure for a long time,the comprehensive pressure of water resources in Chongqing shows a downward trend.Influenced by the pressure of population and ecology of water resources,comprehensive pressure of water resources does not exist in Chongqing over the years.(2)According to the distribution characteristics of water resources pressure structure,the spatial distribution of water resources in population pressure and economic pressure is opposite,which is characterized by dense population,high level of economic development,good geographical position and flat terrain has a high population pressure of water resources and relatively low economic pressure in urban developed economic circle.Yuxi economic corridor took second place.However,with a sparse population,backward economic development and higher terrain,the ecological economic zone of the three gorges reservoir area has greater economic pressure on water resources,but less population pressure.The characteristics of ecological pressure and comprehensive pressure of water resources are similar to population pressure.On the whole,the urban developed economic circle still has a high population pressure on water resources,and there is also a hidden danger of population pressure in the Yuxi economic corridor;The economic pressure of water resources in the county shows a downward trend,and there is no economic pressure of water resources in the urban developed economic circle,Yuxi economic corridor and the ecological economic zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir area after 2007,2009 and 2011,respectively.There is no ecological pressure and comprehensive pressure of water resources in most years in all region.Compared with the average level of Chongqing,the regional differentiation of water resources pressure structure is obvious,which is manifested in the problem of water resources population pressure in the urban developed economic circle,the Yuxi economic corridor and the water resources economic pressure in the ecological economic zone of the Yuxi economic corridor and the three Gorges reservoir area.(3)Canonical correlation analysis separates the economic pressure of waterresources from the water resources pressure system.It is considered that the main factors affecting the economic pressure of water resources in Chongqing are ten thousand yuan GDP water consumption,the proportion of GDP in the tertiary industry,the popularization rate of urban water use,the sewage treatment rate,the forest coverage rate,the green coverage rate of built-up areas and the water consumption rate of ecological environment,in which the water consumption of 10,000 yuan GDP is positively correlated with the economic pressure of water resources,while other factors are negatively correlated.The main factor that affects the population pressure and ecological pressure of water resources in Chongqing is regional precipitation,with a load value of-0.64,which is negatively correlated.Compared with the growth of population,precipitation have a greater impact on the population pressure of water resources.(4)According to the present development situation and existing problems of water resources pressure in Chongqing,combined with water pressure,suggestions of reducing water resource pressure were put forward based on the utilization of regional resources according to local conditions:the urban developed economic circle and the economic corridor of Yuxi can adjust and control the total water resources and population quantity,such as increasing the utilization rate of precipitation,making rational use of transit water,constructing of sponge cities,and the population policy orientation of the government.The ecological economic zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir area should increase the labor force of the region without the population pressure.To encourage migrant workers to return home to start their own businesses,policies to attract foreign population and funds,the government to invest,poverty alleviation,development of tourism,and so on,to improve the economic level of the region.