| Western pasturing area is one of the largest natural pastures in China.The sustainable development of Western pasturing area is of great significance to ecology and economy.In recent years,due to the dual impact of climate change and human activities,the ecological environment of Western pastoral areas is under the dual pressure of ecological construction and economic development.As one of the important components of land ecological environment,grassland ecological environment quality research in pastoral areas has become the key to guide the high-quality management of grassland ecological environment,and also the focus of recent ecological environment research And hot spots.In order to understand the grassland ecological environment of typical pastoral areas in Western China,based on the existing theories and data,this paper takes etoke County,Sunan County and Wulan County as the research object,analyzes the main evaluation indexes of grassland ecological environment,and analyzes the characteristics of grassland system ecological environment changes in recent years.The main work of this paper is as follows:Firstly,In this paper,etoke County,Sunan County and Wulan county are selected as the research objects.By using GIS technology and remote sensing technology,the soil indexes and geographical spatial distribution are calculated,and the indexes of soil capacity,soil mechanical composition,pH value,salt content,organic matter content,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and saturated hydraulic conductivity are obtained.From the statistics of various indexes,it can be seen that in terms of soil bulk density,etoke county and Ulan County fluctuated and decreased during the research period,while Sunan County showed an overall upward trend;in terms of soil mechanical composition,etoke county showed an overall increase in sand content,a decrease in clay content,with a medium variation;Sunan County and Ulan county showed a decrease in soil sand content,and a decrease in clay content In terms of soil pH value,the soil pH of etoke county and Sunan County is about 8.5,which is weak alkaline,and that of Wulan county is about 7.5-8.5,which is weak alkaline;in terms of soil salt content,the soil salt content of etoke county and Sunan County is generally increased,with strong variation,while that of Wulan county is generally less,with weak variation;in terms of organic matter content,etoke county is the lowest,Sunan County is the lowest Among them,Wulan county is the highest;in terms of soil total nitrogen content,etoke county is in the range of 0.080-1.932 g/kg;Sunan County is in the range of 0-1.490 g/kg;Wulan county is in the range of 0.340-2.840 G/kg;in terms of the content of soil ammonium nitrogen,the content of soil ammonium nitrogen in etoke banner belongs to the medium degree of variation,and the rest is strongly variable;in terms of the content of soil available phosphorus,Ulan county is the smallest,etoke banner is the largest,and Sunan County is the middle;in terms of the content of soil available potassium,the content of soil available potassium in etoke banner begins to decline,and the rest rises;in terms of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil,The saturated hydraulic conductivity of surface soil in etoke county is lower than that in sub surface soil,while that in Sunan County and Wulan county is higher than that in sub surface soil.Except for the strong variability of sub surface soil in etoke County,the soil in other areas is of medium variability.From the spatial distribution of each index,in terms of soil bulk density,etok banner showed a significant gradient decline from northwest to Southeast,with the same trend;the overall trend of Ulan gradually increased from northwest to Southeast.Sunan County:the bulk density of the north central area is smaller,increasing gradually to the surrounding areas;the distribution of organic matter content:etoke banner as a whole shows a significant gradient decline from the northwest to the southeast.The content of organic matter in the middle and north of Wulan county is more,and the eastern part of Sunan County is gradually decreasing to the western part,showing a stepped nature;pH:the change of 0-20cm in etoke banner is not obvious,but the change of 20-40 layers is obvious overall showing that the pH of 0-20cm layer in Wulan county is trapezoidal from west to East,and the pH of 20-40cm layer is trapezoidal from west to northeast;the pH of 0-20cm layer in Sunan County is trapezoidal from west to East,and 20-20cm layer is trapezoidal?On the 40cm layer,the available K content decreased in trapezoid form from west to Southeast,and in some areas in the northwest direction of the 20-40cm layer,it was a little abnormal;the distribution rule of soil available K content:the available K content in the 0-20cm layer of etoke banner decreased in a convex form from South to north,and in some areas in the East and southwest direction of the 20-40cm layer,it was a central point and decreased around;the available K content in the 0-20cm layer of Ulan county was flat from southwest to northeast The gentle mountain convex type increases gradually,and the 20?40cm layer decreases from the northeast to the southwest with the local area as the center.Sunan County in 0?20cm from the southeast to the northwest gradually decreased,20?40cm from the east to the West showed a right convex gradually decreased;soil total phosphorus content distribution law:etoke banner 20?40cm layer in the middle of the whole area as the center to the West and East decreased,the largest area in the north.The total phosphorus content of 0?20cm layer decreased from north to south in Wulan County,and decreased from west to East in 20?40cm layer with obvious classification.In Sunan County,the change trend of 0-20cm layer has no obvious characteristics.The value of the layer in the East is larger than that in the local area.The layer in the west of 20-40cm layer decreases to the East,and it is obviously graded in the middle.The distribution law of soil total nitrogen content:the layer in the southeast and southwest of etoke banner decreases to the north,and the region in the south-east is the largest and the region in the southwest is the largest.In the 0-20cm layer of Wulan County,it gradually decreases from the north to the south in the west,from the south to the north in the East,from the north to the south in the whole 20-40cm layer,and it is abnormal in some areas in the southeast.Distribution of total nitrogen in soil.In Sunan County,20-40cm layer decreases from southeast and southwest to north,and the southeast and southwest parts are the largest;the distribution rule of soil available phosphorus content:the whole etoke banner decreases from east to west and the classification is obvious,and the east to part area is relatively low.In Wulan county and Sunan County,0-20cm layer decreases from east to west,20-40cm layer decreases from west to East,except for the opposite trend on the two layers;the distribution rule of soil ammonium nitrogen content:in etoke County,20-40cm layer is the most value in the northwest,showing a spherical shape,decreasing in the East,and grading is obvious.Compared with the 0-20cm layer in Wulan county and Sunan County,the 20-40cm layer has a relatively smooth change in the southeast;the distribution rule of soil nitrate nitrogen content:the overall area of etoke banner increases from west to East,and the 20-40cm layer decreases gradually from southeast to northwest.Wulan county and Sunan County are decreasing from the West and the East.Through the analysis of the above research indicators,the overall situation of soil quality in the research area is obtained,which provides a strong support for the research area to vigorously develop animal husbandry production,realize the conversion of cropland to forest and grass,and improve grassland productivity,and also makes due contribution to the promotion of ecological civilization construction and improvement of grassland ecological environment system in China.Then,the meteorological index,vegetation coverage,water resources ecological bearing factor,land use factor and social and economic index of the study area are analyzed.Based on the above analysis results,the grassland ecological environment evaluation system of the western typical pastoral area is constructed by using the "pressure state response" model,and the weight is calculated by using the root seeking method,and the ecological environment evaluation is obtained The results show that the ecological environment of the three study areas has a trend of obvious improvement.Among them,the restoration of grassland ecological quality in etoke county is the fastest,followed by Wulan County,and Sunan County is the slowest.Under the current trend of restoration and change,the grassland ecology of etoke County,Sunan County and Wulan County recovered to a very high ecological environment quality in 2023,2039 and 2029 respectively.The ecological quality of the grassland in etoke banner fluctuates from 0.31 to 0.72,with an average value of 0.51,which belongs to the middle ecological quality.The grassland ecological quality of Sunan County fluctuates from 0.34 to 0.66,with an average value of 0.49,which belongs to medium ecological quality.The grassland ecological quality of Wulan county fluctuates from 0.35 to 0.69,with an average value of 0.53,which belongs to the medium ecological quality.Finally,in order to quickly and accurately obtain the multi-source ecological environment information of Western Pastoral Area,analyze the changing characteristics of the special information of ecological environment,improve the information management level in the area,and effectively improve the current situation of ecological environment,an ecological environment database management system is built for the research area of western pastoral area,and from the basic needs of database and the construction process of database And the function of database is introduced.Through the above research and analysis,the theoretical research on soil quality and grassland ecological environment evaluation is combed,and various soil quality indexes and spatial distribution in etoke,Sunan and Wulan counties are counted,the characteristics of soil quality in the research area are revealed,the grassland ecological environment effect is evaluated,and the project database is built,hoping that this paper can help maintain the grassland ecological system and grassland ecological environment Improve grassland productivity to provide strong support. |
PDF Full Text Request