Research On Peach Farmers’ Production Performance Under Different Organization Modes In Jiangsu Province

Jiangsu Province is one of the major producing areas of peach cultivation in China.After more than 2,000 years of development in Jiangsu,the popularity and application of variety selection,the technology application and water-fertilizer management are at the leading level.Speaking to the peach industry system,the whole industry in Jiangsu is also relatively mature.It can be seen that the agricultural industry structure has been greatly improved and the level of rural economic has been developed as well.However,due to the fact that China’s intensive agricultural production traditions and the fragmentation of the land,The peach production in Jiangsu Province is still mainly based on family units and scattered small-scale cultivation.The current production methods have various drawbacks.It is difficult to implement standardized production and spread market information with poorly organized.In addition,the consumer market is extremely demanding on the quality and safety of fresh agricultural products.While peach industry’s characteristics of seasonal and intolerant storage and transportation largely limits sales radius.In general,some scholars believe that establishing close vertical collaboration can effectively resolve the contradiction between "small farmers" and "big market" in order to ensure the safe and efficient supply of agricultural products.Moreover,the meaning of building a collaborative relationship is to establish an organized production mode.This production mode would encourage farmers to establish transaction coordination mechanisms with cooperative organizations or agricultural enterprises.Recent researches on agricultural production organization modes and performance have always been focused on food production or agriculture.So there are many researches on the organizational forms and implementation problems of a single agricultural production mode.However,the studies on the differentiation of organizational modes are relatively lacking.Therefore,this paper focuses on the actuality of the organizational development of peach in Jiangsu Province and compares the differences in production organization modes and their impact on the performance of peach farmers.Relevant conclusions and suggestions can not only enrich the achievements of the organizational research of China’s forestry industry,but also have positive practical significance for improving the organization of peach industry and the performance of peach farmers.The main research contents and conclusions of this paper are as following:First,based on the analysis of the development process and production status of the peach industry in Jiangsu Province,this paper summarizes the production organization modes.It can be seen that the production mode of peach industry in Jiangsu province is transitioning from traditional family production to a modern production organization mode with industrial characteristics and regional advantages.From the peach production to the process of entering the first-hand trading market,according to the different ways of bringing together the main body and interests,peach production organization modes can be divided into three major categories,which include market-driven mode,intermediary-driven mode,and agricultural enterprise-driven mode.Second,based on the actual investigation of peach farmers in Jiangsu Province,this paper further analyzes the three representative production organization modes of "Market+Farmers" mode,"Cooperatives/Associations+Farmers" mode and "Enterprise + Farmer"mode.It was found that different organizational modes have different effects on the behavior of peach farmers.Under the "Market+Farmer" mode,peach famers independently engage in peach production and sales activities as a family unit.Under the"Cooperative/Association+Farmer" mode,peach famers join professional cooperatives or associations through a written or verbal agreement to obtain the convenience services it provides in procurement,technology,information,storage,transportation and sales.Under the "Enterprise+Farmer" mode,peach famers world form a production and sales relationship with agricultural enterprises through contractual contracts and formulate a guaranteed purchase price.In addition to providing production services such as factor purchase and variety introduction for the peach farmers,the agricultural enterprises are more involved in technological innovation and agriculture,supporting for sampling,picking and shipping,brand packaging,etc.Third,based on the perspective of farmers,this paper uses the micro survey data to compare the differences in the production performance of peach farmers under three representative production organization modes from cost-benefit and technical efficiency.Then the paper uses the stochastic frontier production function mode(SFA)for empirical analysis.The results show that there are significant differences in the factor input and cost structure of different organizational modes.The higher the organizational performance is,the higher the production performance of peach farmers is.In terms of costs and benefits,the total cost of peach farmers under the "Enterprise+Farmer" mode is significantly higher than the other two types of modes,but the input structure of each production element is different.The total output of the three mode groups is not much different,but due to the loss of fresh peaches and the lower selling price under the "Market+Farmer" mode,the average total output value and net profit of this mode are significantly lower than the other two types of modes.In terms of technical efficiency,the production technology efficiency of peach farmers in Jiangsu Province is generally low,but the distribution of efficiency values of different production organization modes is quite different."Cooperatives/Associations+Farmers" mode has the highest efficiency,followed by the"Enterprise+Farmers" mode,and the "Market+Farmers" mode is the lowest.Each influencing factor has a different ability to explain the technical inefficiencies of peach farmers under different modes of production organization.In detail,the planting years,planting scale and education level would have significant effects on the technical efficiency of the peach farmers under those three organizational modes with different influence direction and degree.