Diversity Of Sulfur-oxidizing Bacteria And Their Relationship To Environmental Factors In Volcanoes And Waterbodies Of Wudalianchi Volcanic Group

Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria?SOB?are the indicators of sulfur biological oxidation in nature and play an important role in the geochemical cycle of sulfur element in the whole environment.Abundant sulfur-containing substances in the natural volcanic environment are suitable habitats for SOB,but the current research on SOB change is mainly focused on hot spring,hydrothermal vent,some saline-alkali lakes and s seafloor sediments,and there is little research on the diversity of SOB in the volcanic environment.Microorganisms have a certain geographical distribution profile on a global scale.Studies have shown that some environmental factors,such as latitude,p H,total nitrogen and total carbon,have an impact on microbial diversity and distribution.In this paper,7 volcanoes with five different historical periods and 7 water bodies with two different types in Wudalianchi volcanic group were selected as the research objects.The total DNA of samples from these sites were extraction ofed and were equenced based on sox B function gene using the Miseq high-throughput sequencing technologies analyze the SOB phylogenetic diversity in mountain and water system in Wudalianchi volcanic group.The difference in the diversity of different sites were assayed.In addition,the correlation between the phylogenetic diversity of SOB and physicochemical factors were investigated.Based on the information of the study and analysis of 10 environmental factors(p H,ORP,TC,TN,Nitrate-N,STI,Fe²⁺,S⁰,S^2-,SO₄^2-),the physical and chemical characteristics of volcanic mountains with the same eruption time are fond to be similar.Among 7 volcanoes,the physical and chemical environments of LHS and HSS erupted at the same time and showed the similar physicochemical fuatures.The NGLQS and DJDBS also appeated the similar physicochemical traits.These results might indicate that the volcanic periods could affect the environmental characteristics of volcanoes.The physical and chemical properity of the three volcanoes such as WS and the recent volcanoes?LHS and HSS?,which are close to each other are similar,indicating that the geographical location is also an important factor affecting the physical and chemical traits of volcanic mountain.The physical and chemical analysis of the seven water samples showed that the physical and chemical properity of the EC and the SC are similar,and physicochemical fuatures of the YYP and the YC are also similar.Additionally,the spring water YQH and HLFQ show the similar physical and chemical characterisitcs.Results show that the type of water body is not the main factor affecting the physical and chemical fuature of the water body,while the geographical location and human activity are the important factors affecting the water body environment.For volcanoes,SOB diversity was studied in 7 volcanoes with 5 different eruption periods,it was found that SOB species were abundant in 7 volcanic mountains.In the mountain environment,the dominant SOB was Alphaproteobacteria,and only 1% Actinobacteria existed in NGLQS mountain.The dominant bacteria in volcanic environment were Bradyrhizobium,Blastochloris,Cupriavidus,Melaminivora,Ralstonia,etc.The SOB community structure of LHS and HSS was similar,and most of the SOB in all mountain samples were positively correlated with elemental sulfur and sulfide.In the aquatic environment,the SOB diversity of seven water bodies with two types of water?surface water and mineral water?was studied.The SOB diversity index?Simpson index,Chao1 index,ACE index,Shannon?of surface water?YC,EC,SC,YQH,YYP?is larger than that of the two mineral water?BYQ and HLFQ?,which may indicated that the water type have a great influence on SOB diversity.The SOB diversity of 7 water bodies is also very abundant,and the dominant SOB class in all water samples is Betaproteobacteria,the dominant genera in water environment are found to be Methylobacterium,Cupriavidus,Variovorax,Bradyrhizobium,Blastochloris,Dechloromonas.The diversity of SOB in all water environments is also positively correlated with elemental sulfur and sulfides.To sum up,there are abundant SOB in the Wudalianchi volcanic group.Among them,there is a great difference in SOB between the mountain environment and the water environment,and the diversity and richness of SOB in the water environment?except mineral water?are higher than those in the mountain environment,which may be due to the fact that the water environment is more suitable for SOB.