Neural Circuit And Molecular Mechanisms Of Taste Coupled Learning And Memory Mediated By Octopamine And Tyramine In C.Elegans

In order to survive and reproduce,an animal organism must have the ability to change its behavior according to experience so as to find the best living environment.This ability requires perceiving and remembering the information associated with favorable conditions.C.elegans also have the ability to learn and remember.C.elegans live in solid and can change their preferences for sensory cues such as temperature,touch,taste and smell according to experience.NaCl is the chemical attractant of C.elegans,and the chemotaxis mechanism of salt has been studied for decades.C.elegans has memory of environmental salt concentration during cultivating and tend to the culture salt concentration.Combining starvation with NaCl can lead to salt avoidance behavior.Hungry-dependent salt chemotactic regulation is called taste plasticity.In this paper,we modified the classical four-plate chemotaxis model and combined short-term starvation with NaCl to explore the neural circuits and molecular mechanisms of taste coupled learning and memory in C.elegans.Octopamine in Drosophila melanogaster and bees is known to be involved in the associative learning,tyramine in RIM was involved in the formation of imprinting memory in C.elegans.Therefore,we want to explore how tyramine and ramine mediate behavior of taste coupled learning and memory.In this paper,through reverse genetic screening and gene rescue experiments,we found that the octopamine in RIC plays a promoting role in the taste coupled learning and memory,and it is through the octopamine receptor OCTR-1 on AIY to mediate behavior of taste coupled learning and memory.We found that the tyramine mutants and two tyramine receptor mutants have defects in the taste coupled learning and memory behavior,maybe tyramine also plays a facilitating role in the learning and memory of taste,whether tyramine is involved in the learning and memory,and which receptor it is required to transmit the signal also needs to be further explored.