| Acoustic communication was one of main communication methods of animals,it can make the receivers respond by conveying the information of the utterers.The recognition and transmission of vocal signals are important for the long-term survival of many animals,especially infant with impaired visual and physical abilities.The infant giant panda weighs only about 150 grams,eyes closed and does not have the ability to move independently,only sparse white lanugo.At this time,the infant giant panda mainly rely on vocal to communicate with the mother.With age and physical development,infant giant panda open their eyes(about 45 days old),visual development;the limbs are able to walk gradually(about 120 days old)and have the ability to move,no longer rely on vocal to communicate with the outside world.So,exploring the characteristics of voice communication from the birth to the eyes open,the ability to move,and other critical periods of development,and infant giant panda interaction with their mother,in order to increase the understanding of this endangered animal,so as to improve the protection and management capacity.According to the growth and development rules of infant giant panda,infant giant panda open their eyes for 45-50 days,have a slight visual ability,and have a slight ability to move around 90 days.We collected and observed the vocal behavior of infant giant panda born to 120 days and the behavior of their mothers.We divided into three periods from birth to 120 days,that is,the first period from birth to 45 days of age;the second period from 45 days to 90 days;the third from 90 days to 120 days.Shure VP89 M directional microphone and Tascam dr-100 mkii recorder were used to collect the vocal of infant giant panda within 0-120 days.Using Adobe audition 3.0 to analysis the collection information.Also use principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis to confirmed our results were right.Using Focal animal sampling method to record behavior of lactating female giant pandas.Research findings:1.Vocal development characteristics of infant giant panda from 0 to 120 days.Through the analysis of the panda cubs,it is found that in the captive giant panda population,when the mother panda is breastfeeding the pups,there are three main types of pandas at the age of 0-120 days: Squawk,Squall,Croak.At 0-45 days,the frequency of Croak calls is significantly higher than the frequency of Squall calls(p<0.05),higher than Squawk calls,but the difference is not significant(p>0.05).In the 45-120 days,the frequency of Croak calls is significantly higher than the other two calls(p<0.05),indicating that Croak is the main voice in the 0-120 days of the infant giant panda,the other two voices are supplemented.In the comparison of the same kind of frequency in the three periods,the frequency of the calls is gradually decreasing(p<0.05).Explain that the communication mode of the cubs using the vocal with the mother to communicate is changing,and gradually transitioning to other communication methods.2.0-45 day old vocal characteristics of infant giant panda The infant giant panda of this period were eyes closed and had no mobility.The communication with mother only relied on voice communication.we split infant giant panda vocalizations into three distinct call types based on their acoustic structure: Squall,Squawk,Croak.The most higher fundamental frequency(1160.96±226.18HZ)and dominant frequency(2239.94±746.67HZ)is “Squall”;The slightly higher fundamental frequency(820.53±161.35HZ)and dominant frequency(931.98±437.56HZ)is “Squawk”;The most lowest fundamental frequency(728.74±120.34HZ)and dominant frequency(735.92±138.48HZ)is “Croak”.In 45-90 days infant giant panda's Croak calls more than 90%,while Squawk and Squall call frequencies are only 3.8% and 4.2% respectively,indicating that at this stage,the individual's voice is mainly Croak-based.During the 90-120 days of age,in the 10% of the sampled sound samples,the frequency of the Croak calls was as high as 72%,and the frequency of the Squawk and Squall calls was only There are 21% and 6.8%.3.Characteristics of the relationship between maternal sound and behavior in infant giant panda from 0 to 120 days: In the 0-45 days old,after the cub makes a vocal,the type of response behavior of the mother varies with the type of vocalization.The mother behaves in response to actions such as licking cub,nibbling cub,embracing cub,change of body position and change herself position,under the stimuli of Croak,the proportion of behavior licking cub was significantly higher than that of Squawk(p<0.05)and Squall(p<0.05).The proportion of nibbling cub was significantly lower than hearing Squawk(p<0.05)and Squall(p<0.05).Under the Squawk and Squall calls stimuli,there is no significant difference in other behaviors of the mother.In the 45-90 days old,under the call of Squall,the mother beasts are mainly composed of nibbling cub and licking cub,accounting for 33.3% and 38.9% of the total number of acts respectively.Squawk calls that the behavior of the mother behaves is relatively simple,mainly was licking cub,accounting for behavior 81.3%.Croak calls stimuli a variety of behaviors,of which licking cub is the most dominant behavior(62%),followed by nibbling cub(12.8%)and change of body position(10.4%).On the whole,the three behaviors of licking cub,nibbling cub,change of body position accounted for most of the behavioral responses of the mother to the cubs of 45-90 days,indicating that the function of the cubs calls may gradually become singular at this stage.During the 90-120 days of age,the cubs screamed,and the mothers responded with behaviors such as licking cub,nibbling cub,embracing cub,change of body position and change herself position,but the behaviors of the mothers were not under different stimuli significant differences. |
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