Lakatos' Harmonization Of Macro-Norms And Micro-Randomness From The Perspective Of Practice

Lakatos' methodology of scientific research program is a reconciliation of Popper's and Kuhn's ideas.Its central task is to propose a scientific methodology that can both describe the development of science and the rationality of the development of scientific theory.Under the influence of the superiority of traditional philosophy of science,Lakatos did not realize: based on the development of macro history,Kuhn portrays the normative nature of theoretical development at the macro level;based on the microscopic test process,Popper describes the randomness of theoretical development at the micro level.Thus,when Lakatos tried to integrate paradigms and conjectures with a new theory,the Scientific Research Programmes,it often causes a misplacement.That is to say,the theoretical development at the micro level is explained by the macro level standards and requirements,and the theoretical development at the macro level is explained by the micro level standards and requirements.This misplacement has led Lakatos to give up the rational explanation for the development of science in the present,and to get support from the ex post rationality,this also caused the failure in reconciliation work.However,if we reverse the mindset of "theoretical superiority",we can perfect the reconciliation work of Lakatos from a practical point of view,so that it does not have to fall into the distress of ex post rationality.Combined with scientific cases,this paper will try to prove that from the perspective of scientific practice,macro and micro are two levels that are relatively independent and interact with each other.Specifically,the micro level is both random and restrictive;and the macro level is both normative and anomie.In the process of practice development,macroscopic norm can provide guidance for microscopic random,while micro-limit guarantee theory can continue to operate when macro-analogs is anomie.Thus,in practice,the macroscopic norm and the microscopic random are reconciled,and it is not necessary to get support from the ex post rationality.