| In order to understand the soil microbial composition and structure in br?lé area and its correlation with soil factors during the growth and development of Chinese black truffle(Tuber indicum),in this paper,we collected the soil in or out the br?lé of T.indicum in the natural forest of Pinus yunnanensis in Panzhihua City.Through the analysis of soil properties in 4 br?lé areas and 1 non-truffle-producing area on four seasons in one year combined with the analysis of their fungal community by high-throughput sequencing on IIIumina Hiseq 2500 platform,we found the several results below:1.In the soil of “Pinus yunnanensis-Tuber indicum” truffle-produced forest,Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Mucoromycota and Mortierellomycota were the dominant phyla.The main genera including Tuber,Russula,Tricholoma,Penicillium,Geminibasidium,Umbelopsis,Cenococcum,Suillus,Sagenomella,Sebacina,Lactifluus,Exophiala,Inocybe,Rhizopogon,Sarcinia,Helvella,Amanita,Amphinema,Plenodomus,Clavulina,Neofabraea,etc.Among these genera,Tuber and Penicillium were predominant and more abundant in the br?lé areas of T.indicum.However,in the non-truffle-produced areas,the dominant genera changed and the genera with relatively higher abundance were Russula,Lactifluus,Inocybe,Neofabraea,Cenococcum,etc.2.The fungi that affected the formation of the br?lé areas were revealed to exist during the growth and development of T.indicum,and Tuber competed with one or more other mycorrhizal fungi,including Russula,Lactifluus,Umbelopsis,Tricholoma,Cenococcum,Sebacina,Exophiala,Clavulina,Inocybe,Tomentella,Helvella,etc.Consequently,Tuber decreased in abundance significantly.In spring,the samples in site a and d were affected by Tricholoma(30.22%)and Russula(12.85%),respectively,as a result,the relative abundance of Tuber was only 8.85% and 4.75%.In summer,the samples in site a and c were respectively affected by Russula(30.22%)and Lactifluus(31.38%),respectively,reducing the Tuber abundance to 0.73% and 4.62%.In autumn,the abundance of Russula in the site d was up to 45.48%,while the Tuber was decreased to 2.87%.In the healthy br?lé areas,Tuber certainly dominated(e.g.sampling site b),with the highest relative abundance in spring(38.50%),But it was gradually decreased to 24.60% insummer and autumn,and finally decreased to about 1% in winter.Meanwhile,it was also found that Neofabraea,Sagenomella,Geminibasidium,Dactylonectria,Saitozyma,Plenodomus,Penicillium and Trichoderma existed in both br?lé areas and non-truffle-producted areas.Among them,Penicillium,Trichoderma and Geminibasidium showed relatively higher abundance at all sampling sites.3.The RDA analysis between the edaphic factor and the fungal communities showed that,in spring,Tuber were positively correlated with TN,Mg,Ca and p H,but negatively correlated with AP,TP and TK.In summer,Tuber were positively correlated with Ca,Mg,TN,AN,p H,and OM,but negatively correlated with TK and AK.In autumn,Tuber was positively correlated with AP,TP,TK and AK,but had negative correlation with p H,Ca and Mg.In winter,the microbial composition and structure were similar between br?léareas and non-truffle-produced area.Tuber was distributed near the origin and could adapt to the environment very well.In other words,it could protect the truffle br?lé areas effectively to excavate truffles with suitable digging methods in winter.This study explored the variation of fungal community and soil properties with seasons during the growth and development of T.indicum,and found out the main fungal communities which could affect the abundance of truffles as well as their correlation with soil factors.In addition,the interaction between these microbes was also revealed,which laid a foundation for the conservation and propagation of natural truffle resources. |
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