Characteristics Of Waterfowl Community And Effects Of Human Disturbance In The Tumuji Protected Area During The Migration Period

The Tumuji Conservation Area has the characteristics of typical temperate grassland ecosystem and wetland ecosystem biodiversity,and is an important place for the study of conservation of many precious birds.Waterfowls are birds that depend on wetlands for survival.Wetlands are a unique ecosystem with multiple functions and values.They are one of the environments where nature is rich in biodiversity and human society depends on survival and development.Birds are the most active component of wetland ecosystems.The dynamics of community composition and diversity directly reflect changes in wetland ecosystems and provide a scientific basis for wetland conservation and restoration.In the spring migration period(March-May)and the autumn migration period(September-November)in the spring of 2017 and 2018,the authors conducted a survey and analysis of waterbirds in the Tumuji protected area through the sample line method in the Tumuji protected area.In this survey,50 species of waterfowl were found,157,261,belonging to 6 orders,12 families and 24 genera,and the most species of goose-shaped waterbirds were 23 species;summer migratory birds and traveling birds accounted for half each.These include 5 species of protected birds at the national level and 6 species of protected birds at the national level.The results of habitat analysis of waterbirds in the protected area indicate that the habitat utilization of waterfowls in the Tumuji protected area during the autumn migration period is:waters>swamps>grassland>farmland;habitats of cranes and geese and ducks in protected areas during spring migration The utilization situation is:water area>swamp>farmland>grassland,and the habitat utilization of other birds in the protected area is still:water area>swamp>grassland>farmland.According to the difference of human disturbance intensity,the wetland core area of the Tumuji protection area is divided into four interference areas:mild interference zone,moderate interference zone,moderate to severe interference zone and severe interference zone.The survey of waterfowl communities in four different disturbance intensity regions showed that there were some differences in species richness and density.The species richness of waterfowl decreased significantly when the intensity of human disturbance increased.The number of species was 46,44,38,35 species.Due to the clustering of waterfowl in the moderately interfering area,the density of waterfowl in the four interfering areas is 28.30/hm2,44.10/hm2,8.77/hm2,4.40/hm2,respectively;The residence time is gradually shortened,the longest residence time is 39.75±2.50 d,the longest residence time of the geese and ducks in the moderate interference zone is 49.75±5.32 d,and the residence time of the mites in the mild interference zone and the moderately severe interference zone Long and not much different,25.50±2.08 d and 24.75±0.96 d,respectively.The analysis of the waterfowl community characteristic index in the different disturbance intensity areas of the protected area wetland core area shows that the species richness,diversity index and evenness index of the waterfowl community are different due to the difference of the disturbance intensity,among which the waterfowl community Species richness and diversity index were most significantly different from human disturbances.The significant values were P=0.007 and P=0.016,respectively,and the uniformity index was not significant(P=0.145).The results of Pearson correlation analysis also showed that the species richness and diversity index of waterfowl community in the wetland of Tumuji protected area were significantly negatively correlated with human disturbance intensity(P<0.01),and the uniformity index had no significant correlation(P=0.263).Finally,it is proposed that protected areas should increase the protection of waterbird habitats,reduce the impact of human disturbances,improve the level of scientific research and monitoring of staff,enhance field investigations,and encourage local residents to participate in waterbird protection and establish cooperation mechanisms.