Phylogenetic Analyses Of Chinese Melanoplinae (Orthoptera:Acridoidea) Based On The Mitochondrial Genomes

In this study,we obtained the mitochondrial genomes of 13 species through the next generation sequencing,including five species belonging to five genera in Melanoplinae,five species belonging to five genera in Podisminae,three species belonging to three genera in Eyprepocnemidinae,and combined the relevant known data from NCBI to reconstruct the phylogeny for the purpose of testing the monophyly of Chinese Melanoplinae and the affiliation of each genus and species within subfamilies(or family).The main results are as follows:1.The mitochondrial genomes of Emeiacris maculate,Paratonkinacris vittifemoralis,Eyprepocnemis maculate,Tylotropidius yunnanensis,Squaroplatacris elegans,Heteracris sp,Yunnanacris yunnaneus,Melanoplus frigidus,Dimeracris prasina,Bannacris punctonotus,Pedopodisma emeiensis,Conophymacris szechwanensis and Sinopodisma lofaoshana have the lengths of 15,870 bp,15,696 bp,15,557 bp,16,235 bp,15,641 bp,15,430 bp,16,334 bp,16,019 bp,15,621 bp,15,466 bp,17,700 bp,15,347 bp and 15,413 bp,respectively.The A+ T contents are 75.9%,76%,73.1%,70.2%,72.4%,71.9%,76.0%,73.5%,74.8%,15.2%,74.6%,74.9%and 76.0%,respectively,which are all between 70%-80%,with the prominent A+ T content.The gene rearrangements of all species are the same with the ancestral gene arrangement of Caelifera,and including 22 tRNA genes,two rRNA genes,13 PCGs and one A+ T rich region(between rrnS and trnl).The gene distribution characteristics,the number and length of gene interspaces and overlapping regions,and the secondary structure of 22 trnas are mainly G-U mismatch,which are consistent with other species of Caelifera.2.In the 13 PCGs,there are five species have the atypical start codons and eleven species have the atypical stop codons of 13 species:ND2 of Eyprepocnemis maculate,Bannacris punctonotus and Conophymacris szechwanensis are initiated by GTG,COI of Eyprepocnemis maculate,Squaroplatacris elegans,Bannacris punctonotus and Sinopodisma lofaoshana are initiated by ACC,ND5 of Bannacris punctonotus is initiated by TTA;All species have the more common atypical stop codons with TAG.NDI of Emeiacris maculata,Paratonkinacris vittifemoralis,Eyprepocnemis maculate,Tylotropidius yunnanensis,Squaroplatacris elegans,Heteracris sp,Yunnanacris yunnaneus,Melanoplus frigidus,Bannacris punctonotus,Pedopodisma emeiensis and Sinopodisma lofaoshana are terminated with TAG.ND3 of Tylotropidius yunnanensis and Heteracris sp are terminated with TAG.ND4 of Squaroplatacris elegans,Heteracris sp and Pedopodisma emeiensisare terminated with TAG.3.The phylogenetic trees are built based on 13 PCGs and two rRNA genes of 45 species under the Maximum-likelihood criteron(ML)and Bayesian inference(BI),with Gryllotalpa orientalis.?Conocephalus maculatus.?Oecanthus sinensis?Pielomastax zhengi?Tetrix japonica?Mekongiella kingdomi as outgroup.Our results show:Chinese Melanoplinae and Podisminae can't separate,who cross distribution together as a big clade,not a single system with each other,while the Melanoplus frigidus don't falls in this big clade,the Squaroplatacris falls into the Eyprepocnemidinae clade.The phylogenetic status of Bannacris?Conophymacris and Dimeracris still remained unresolved.In this study,the mitochondrial genomes of 13 grasshopper species in Melanoplinae?Podisminaeare and Eyprepocnemidinae are firstly measured and analyzed,we predicted and drawn the secondary structures of tRNAs of them.The systematic classification was discussed from the perspective of molecular biology,which provided the molecular basis to confirm the taxonomic status of Chinese Melanoplinae species.