Whether The Continuous Characteristics Are Include The Toxonomic Signals?

There are many different kinds of insects in the world and they have many different shapes.They belong to arthropods in invertebrates.In the animal kingdom,insects have the most quantities and the most species.They are more widely distributed and varies than any other creatures over the world.In order to adapt to different environments,insects gradually develop different appearance during the course of evolution,their morphologies are often used as an important information for identification,classification and high level phylogeny.In the classification of insects,discontinuous characteristics are most widely used,and the continuous characteristics can not widely used becaused of their own features.In this study,we used 2D geometric morphometry to analyze the morphological diversities of pronotum and elytra in Scarabaeoidea,the analyze contains the levels of family and subfamily,and this study offers the quantitative morphological evidences about the above-mentioned scientific problems.This study examines 4565 species which belonges to 12 families,30 subfamilies of Scarabaeoidea.The pronotums and elytras are chosen to study the morphological differences between each family and subfamily,at the same time,Lucaninae and Cetoniinae are chosen to study the morphological differences between each genus to examine the relationships between divisities of species and morphological diversities.Results have shown that,the proportions of Mahalanobis distence and Procrustes distence of the canonical variate analysis(CVA)of the pronotums and elytras are same in the comparison between each family,and the latter is slightly higher than the former in the comparison between each subfamily,and the former is slightly higher than the latter in the comparison betwween each genus.When we compare the canonical variate analysis(CVA)of pronotums and eltyras of beetles of the categories,the proportions of the beetles of the families exceed 80% and the proportions of the subfamilies exceed 70%,it means that we can nearly compare out the most of the individuals through the two characteristics;the proportions of genuses are lower than 40% and the results of comparison of the genuses between the two subfamilies are different,it means that the variations of pronotums and elytras are unstable in the comparisons of the basic categories in the Scarabaeoidea,the continuous features of pronotums and elytras can not be the identified characteristic to solve the classified problems of the levels under subfamily.The study wants to use a new comparative method called feature-fusion to promote the proportions of the significant differences through fusing the two-dimensional point data of pronotums and elytras,but the rusults are unconspicuous.