Study On Anatomical Structure And Histochemistry Of Stellera Chamaejasme L.

Stellerachamejasme L.,Thymelaeacea Stellera L.perennial rhizome herb,there is the only one specie in China.Stellerachamaejasme L.not only has pharmacological activity,insecticidal and antibacterial activity,clinical action.Its colorful flower is of ornamental value.It can make hidden paper and can extract alcohol and has economic value.At the same time,in the process of grassland anti-degradation and desertification,water and soil loss will be reduced to provide protection.At present,most experiments on S.chamaejasme focus on pharmacological activities,compound composition factors,clinical practice,and ecological utilization.The anatomical structure and development of the vegetative organs and the structure development and distribution trend of secretory cavities are rarely tested.In this paper,the structural,anatomical,and ultrastructural changes of the rhizomes,stems,and leaves of S.chamaejasme were studied by using plant anatomy,SEM,TEM,and histochemical staining assays.The exploration of the formation process,anatomical features,and the microstructure and ultrastructure of the secretory cavities in various vegetative organs was explored,and the coumarins,alkaloids,etc.contained in rhizomes of S.chamaejasme were also studied.Plant organic compounds were positioned.On this basis,the relationship between the formation of secretory cavities and their storage compounds in the organs of S.chamaejasme was explored.The results showed that the order of growth and development of rhizosphere stems,stems and leaves of S.chamaejasme were similar to that of common dicotyledonous perennial herbaceous plants.The secondary structures of rhizomes of S.chamaejasme are composed of secondary xylem,vascular cambium,secondary phloem and periderm.The secondary xylem includes ducts of different diameters,wood rays,wood parenchyma cells,and a small number of parenchyma cells containing starch grains.The vascular cambium is 6-8 layers long and flat.The secondary phloem includes sieves,companion cells,phloem parenchyma cells,phloem rays,a large number of parenchyma cells containing starch grains,and secretory primordial cells.With the continuation of secondary growth,secondary phloem,the size of screen and companion cells decreased,and the number of phloem parenchyma cells gradually became larger,and the contained starch granule volume became larger;phloem ray had a bending phenomenon secretion.The primordial cells began to crack and degrade.The cork forming layer,the plug inner layer,and the cork layer together formed the outermost peripheral skin.There was no abnormal formation and abnormal secondary structure in the secondary growth of rhizome of S.chamaejasme.As a root of fleshy storage,the widening of its diameter mainly depended on the continuous splitting and differentiation of the vascular-forming layer,and the number of cells growing out of the secondary phloem increases.The primary structure of the stem includes the epidermis,cortex,vascular column and pith.In the stem,the medullary part separates and breaks as the parenchyma cells develop,and it becomes a cavity,the medullary cavity.The stem of S.chamaejasme had only limited secondary growth.The secondary structure includes the medullary cavity,the secondary xylem,the vascular cambium,the secondary phloem,and the thickened epidermis on both the internal and external tangential walls.In the secondary xylem,the wood fibers are keratinized and the cell layers are numerous.The bast fibers in the secondary phloem are annularly distributed.The leaf structure includes epidermis,mesophyll and veins.The upper epidermis was thickened with wax and no stomatal apparatus;the lower epidermal cells were thickened with keratin and wax,and the stomata subsided.There was no regular distribution.Double-layered cylindrical cells closely arranged palisade tissue and sporadic distribution of spongy tissue constitute mesophyll,is the opposite side leaves.The number of catheters and bast fibers in the vascular bundles of the main veins in the main leaves is greater than that of the lateral vascular bundles.In the development of the above-mentioned secondary structural vascular cells,the ultrastructure of each of its constituent molecules is also undergoing corresponding changes.The secretory cavity of S.chamaejasme L.is formed by parenchyma cells surrounding the cavity and occurs in the form of fissures.In the rhizome of S.chamaejasme,the secretory cavity exists in both the secondary xylem and the secondary phloem.The secondary xylem secretory cavity originates from the wood parenchyma cells and the parenchyma cells containing starch grains around them.The parenchyma cells are separated and degraded after peripheral and bifurcation.As the growth time goes by,the slit-like gap becomes larger to form an elongated tubular secretion chamber.In the secondary phloem,the secretory cavity originates from the secretory cavity primitive cells distributed in the nonfunctional phloem.There is a small amount of secretory primordium cells in the functional phloem,and these cells only undergo autolysis and no secretory lacunae are formed.The non-functional phloem secretory primordial primordial cells are intercellularly cleft,resulting in intercellular spaces.The primordial cells are autolyzed and the intercellular spaces are enlarged.At the same time,the phloem parenchyma cells surrounding the primitive cells and the parenchyma cells containing starch granules are split and some of them fall into the secretory cavity.Afterwards,the secretory cells and parenchyma cells are continuously degraded until the long tubular secretion chamber is formed.The early,rapid-velocity secretory cavity in the secondary xylem and the early-stage secretory cavity in the secondary phloem will eventually form a connection through intercellular rupture of the vascular cambium,which will increase the volume of the secretory cavity for storage secondary metabolites.No secretory cavity was found in stems and leaves of S.chamaejasme L.The developmental form and distribution trend of the secretory cavity of S.chamaejasme L.in the ultrastructure corresponding to the change in growth.It was studied that the determination of various compounds in the rhizome of S.chamaejasme L.by the method of plant tissue chemical staining.There are many starch grains,alkaloids and coumarins in the secondary xylem and secondary phloem endocrine and parenchyma cells of S.chamaejasme L.Lignified,keratinized,and corky catheters and pericytes.S.chamaejasme L.is one of the poisonous weeds that seriously disturbed the husbandry industry's feeding process as a result of imbalances in the pastures.For S.chamaejasme L.,for many years scholars have been tirelessly exploring their rhizomes for using as Chinese herbal medicines,which has also increased research value.This study systematically explores the anatomical structure and secretory cavity development and distribution of S.chamaejasme L.The exploration results can be used for the efficient use of secondary metabolites in S.chamaejasme L.and provide scientific basis for the effective use of rhizomes,and at the same time provide evidence for the interrelationship between plant structure development and secondary metabolites,and improve the systemic information of research in this area.