Study On Climate Adaptability Of Settlement Environment In Karst Area Of Guizhou Province

This paper analyzes the climate and environmental characteristics of karst area in central guizhou from the perspective of climate.Combined with the unique karst landform in central guizhou,the passive control method of buildings is applied to the analysis of the climate adaptation characteristics of the settlement environment.Under different karst landform features,this paper first analyzes the characteristics of settlement space,and then select also typical plain settlements(qingyan)and peak cluster valley settlements(Hua Xi Town village in anshun yunshan chariot)as the research object.Combined with field measurement and software simulation of PHEONICS and ECOTECT to analyze the wind environment,sunshine environment,thermal environment and its wet environment of settlements,the climate adaptability of settlement environment in karst area of central guizhou was studied.This paper summarizes the climate adaptation methods of fenglin plain settlement and fenglin valley settlement,and puts forward some Suggestions for the construction of new residential buildings.Specific research results are as follows:(1)According to the literature reading and typical settlements in guizhou’s karst area of research for a long time,come to the conclusion that the karst landscape space type is mainly divided into,peak cluster valley,peak cluster canyon hoodoo basin and the modality of the typical peak cluster depression.(2)According to the measured data of typical karst area in the settlement environment in guizhou and computer simulation,studied under different karst settlement environment of climate adaptability,summed up the settlement of the external environment in the region mountain,forest land and water are the main factors influencing the settlement of climate.Mountain has the greatest influence on the wind environment and sunshine environment of settlements,and woodland and water have a great influence on the air temperature and relative humidity of settlements.The influencing factors of different types of settlements are different,and the following factors influencing climate environment of fenglin plain settlements and fenglin valley settlements are summarized respectively.For the fenglin plain settlement,its external environment has little influence on the climate of settlement.Settlement within the roadway space and the node space is the main factors influencing the settlement and internal environment and the sun,the deeper the solar radiation heat gain of roadway is less,the sunshine time is less,the lower the temperature,humidity is higher.Mountain,water and woodland in the external environment are important factors affecting the climate of mountain cluster and valley settlement.On the basis of simulation shows that in the summer,the mountain shade makes settlement within the wind environment is not very good,but for the winter,with a mountain block,make the settlement within the wind environment is relatively good.The summer sunshine environment is relatively good,winter to the influence of the Angle of the sun,makes the settlement less time by the sun,the sunshine time is not enough,so will take corresponding measures in winter for good sunshine environment.Its internal influencing factors are the same as those of fenglin plain settlement.Layer upon layer to the slope lifting its construction from the beach,this can avoid the air flow dead zone layout,better sunshine and wind environment.Construction of slope roof form,have certain deep overhangs,exclude the rain is not only beneficial to the rain,can also keep out the sun’s radiation in the summer.(3)Climatic adaptability of different underlying surface materials: at a height of 1.5m,the average air temperature of the underlying surface materials: Cement ground >Green stone slab at > Hepengban >The surface of the water >The lawn >Woodland station.There is little change in the temperature of the whole day,and the forest land can reduce and stabilize the air temperature.Cement to the improvement of the air temperature have great influence on the ground,the surface effect on the stability of the air temperature is greater than the cement ground,thus we can think of lawn,water,and forest land to reduce the air temperature has good stability.At a height of 1.5m,average relative humidity: Woodland station>The green stone slab at surface of the water>The lawn>cement ground>Hepengban>Green stone slab at,Air relative humidity throughout the day:Woodland station>The green stone slab at>The surface of the water>The lawn>cement ground>Hepengban>Green stone slab at Due to the low water content of cement ground,hepeng board and green SLATE materials,it has a great effect on reducing air humidity,and lawns,water bodies and woodlands are favorable for increasing air humidity.(4)From the analysis of passive design in karst area of central guizhou,it can be concluded that the climate characteristics of this area are moist heat in summer,moist cold in winter and low proportion of annual comfort time.Settlement in this area can improve the comfort rate by adopting the passive method,among which the natural ventilation and high thermal quality enclosure structure are the two most effective passive measures.The effects of passive measures in spring,summer and autumn were significant,but not in winter.(5)The regulation of settlement environment in guizhou karst region climate adaptability strategy method: qian in settlements in the karst areas are located on the karst landforms,settlements are built around the mountain,or to built along the mountain.The dominant climate in central guizhou is hot and humid in summer and cold in winter,so the adjustment target is to shade the sun and avoid heat and ventilation in summer and to take into account the cold and cold prevention in winter.The optimal adjustment measures for settlement environment in karst area of central guizhou are: Planting plants on the west side of the settlement to block solar radiation;Planting plants on the north side of the settlement against the winter wind;Water is used to improve the temperature in the settlement to improve the environmental comfort.Policies of internal environment regulation: use different high/wide ratio and node space to adjust the climate of settlement environment;Ensure sufficient water area,water has good cooling,moisturizing and purifying air effect,should be distributed in various forms and use the terrain to use the natural water scene as much as possible.Select suitable paving materials,reduce hard paving,increase natural greening,to create a comfortable settlement environment;Strengthen the greening environment inside the settlement,increase the greening area to take full advantage of the cooling and moisturizing characteristics of plants to improve the physical environment of the settlement.Measures to adjust architectural form: increase the window area of buildings to meet the requirements of sunshine and natural ventilation,and adopt high thermal quality materials to improve the comfort of buildings.Building the best toward as 37.5° south by west.