The Taxonomy Of Genus Phortica(Diptera: Drosophilidae) From China,with DNA Barcoding

In the thesis,the morphological and phylogenetic study based of the subgenera Ashima and Phortica were performed.The COI sequences(mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I,COI),were aligned and edited using MEGA 5.0.The intra-and interspecific genetic distance of 20 species in subgenus Ashima and 10 species in Phortica(s.str)eparmata species complex were calculated via K–2P(Kimura’s two-parameter)in MEGA 5.0.Three species of genus Apsiphorticawere used as outgroups.And based on COI sequences,phylogeny was reconstructed for the subgenera Ashima and Phortica via the neighbor-joining(NJ)and the Bayesian inferring(BI)methods,respectively.According to morphological characters and phylogenetic,the major results were followed:Four new species(three species have been published)of subgenus Ashima were described:P.lipo,Zhu,Q in & Chen,2017,P.yalianae,Zhu,Q in & C hen,2017,P.yiqini,Zhu,Q in & Chen,2017,P.zhangyuanae sp.nov..In subgenus Ashima,interspecific genetic distance range ftom 0.006 to 0.122.The minimum interspecific genetic distance between P.afoliolata and P.qingsongi is only 0.006.the interspecific genetic distance is greater than 0.03 within four new species.A new species complex,the eparmata speciescomplex,is established within the subgenusPhortica,based on morphological characters.The species of eparmata species complex constituted a monophyletic group,showing credible and strongly supported by molecular data(BP=95,PP=1).Molecular phylogeny of interspecies is consistent with the relationship reflected by the morphological characters analysis.In the new species complex,included eight known species from the Oriental Region,and five new species in the thesis: P.jadete sp.nov.,P.kava sp.nov.,P.mengdasp.nov.,P.wongding sp.nov.and P.yenasp.nov..The relatively small interspecific genetic distances were shown for the species within the eparmata species complex,range form 0.008 to 0.063.The minimum interspecific genetic distance between P.jadetasp.nov.and P.yena sp.nov.,P.mengdasp.nov.and P.wongdingsp.nov.is 0.008.